DB.Ciencias Agrícolas y Veterinarias

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    A survey for potentially zoonotic parasites in backyard pigs in the Bucaramanga metropolitan area, Northeast Colombia
    (2021-02-09) Pinilla, Juan Carlos; Morales, Elsa; Florez-Muñoz, Angel Alberto; GICA
    Background and Aim: Backyard pigs farming is a rearing system associated with poor hygienic and sanitary conditions of the pig, often causing public health and food safety problems. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the occurrence of potentially zoonotic parasites in population pig reared under backyard farming in the Bucaramanga metropolitan area, Northeast Colombia. Materials and Methods: From September to December 2019, a total of 558 fecal samples from 64 backyard pig farms were examined for the presence of enteric protozoan infection. The coprological diagnosis was done by direct examination using Lugol's iodine solution, buffered saline solution, and Kinyoun technique. In addition, blood samples were collected from 200 pigs. Serum was collected and used for the detection of Trichinella spiralis and Taenia solium cysticercosis infections, using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: The overall prevalence of zoonotic protozoa in the Bucaramanga metropolitan area was 65.2%, reporting 52.7% prevalence for Balantidium coli, 33.7% for Entamoeba coli, and 5.7% for Cryptosporidium spp. Regarding the prevalence by municipalities, there was no statistical association (p>0.05), indicating that the prevalence was similar in the region under study. Pigs >7 months of age showed to be a risk factor for B. coli infection, indicating that the prevalence increases with the age, while pigs raised at >1000 masl and access to latrines, increased infection risk for E. coli and Cryptosporidium spp. infections. In the present study, T. spiralis infection was not detected in the analyzed sera, while T. solium cysticercosis infection was found to be 40.5%. Conclusion: The high prevalence of protozoan infections and porcine cysticercosis reported in this study could be due to poor facilities, and lack of hygiene in the facilities, and suggests the possible transmission of these parasite populations between pigs and humans, thus increasing the transmission of parasites zoonotic potential. Therefore, appropriate sanitary management practices and deworming programs should be adopted to reduce the prevalence of these infectious agents.
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    Aspectos de la dinámica de infección de Cystoisospora suis en lechones lactantes de Una granja piloto del Estado Carabobo, Venezuela
    (2018-01) Pinilla León, Juan Carlos; Da Silva Borges, Natalia
    Cystoisospora suis en un protozoario de distribución mundial que puede provocar pérdidas económicas significantes debido a que ocasiona diarrea y deshidratación en lechones lactantes. Entre septiembre 2015 y agosto 2016, se condujo una investigación con la finalidad de determinar aspectos de la dinámica de infección por Cystoisospora suis en lechones lactantes de una granja piloto ubicada en la parroquia Güigue, municipio Carlos Arvelo, estado Carabobo, Venezuela. Para la determinación parasitaria se colectaron 480 muestras fecales de camadas (cuarenta muestras mensuales) y se aplicó una encuesta epidemiológica en cada muestreo. Todas las muestras se cultivaron en dicromato de potasio al 2,5% y posteriormente fueron procesadas con una técnica de flotación-centrifugación, utilizando una solución saturada de NaCl enriquecida con solución azucarada (1 L de solución saturada de NaCl + 500 g de azúcar). Los resultados señalan que C. suis se encontró presente durante todo el período de estudio con 52,08% de prevalencia, y sus mayores valores en lechones con dos semanas de vida. Con respecto al mes de muestreo, no se encontró significancia estadística (P> 0,05) entre las constantes meteorológicas y la prevalencia por C. suis, lo que podría indicar que estas variables ambientales no tuvieron efecto sobre la presencia del protozoario. Con respecto a la encuesta, se encontró correlación estadísticamente significativa (P< 0,05) entre la prevalencia y la presencia veterinaria, protocolo N° 3 y empleo de Baycox al 5%. Se concluye que C. suis estuvo presente durante el periodo de estudio, y sus mayores valores de prevalencia fueron obtenidos en lechones con dos semanas de vida, no encontrándose significancia estadística entre las constantes meteorológicas y la prevalencia de C. suis, lo que podría indicar que las condiciones meteorológicas registradas durante el periodo estudiado, fueron óptimas para que ocurriese el proceso de esporulación, y por tanto, mantener viables ooquistes durante todo el año.
  • Publicación
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    Babesiosis canina : Reporte de caso clínico
    (2018) Florez Muñoz, Angel Alberto; Bolás Fernández, Francisco; Pinilla León, Juan Carlos
    Hemoparasites cause diseases in pets and other domestic animals; however, its true impact has not been sufficiently studied in Colombia. Babesiosis is an infectious disease caused by a parasite of the genus Babesia, which is transmitted by ticks and is of global importance. The objective of this article is to report the clinical findings observed in a canine patient with suspicious signs of babesiosis. A report was made of a canine patient who entered the Veterinary Clinic of the University of Santander (UDES). At the clinical examination presented inappetence, depression lethargy and pale mucous membranes. A blood smear stained with hemacolor and a blood test was performed for the diagnosis. In the bloodstream microorganisms were observed inside the red blood cells compatible with Babesia spp and the results of the blood picture showed anemia, leucopenia and thrombocytopenia. It is concluded that the clinical findings observed in the patient coincide with that reported in the literature.
  • Publicación
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    Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis in Colombia Resistant to the Treatment of Choice (Meglumine Antimoniate Plus Allopurinol)
    (2022-01-05) Pinilla, Juan Carlos; Gutierrez, Arturo; Florez, Angel Alberto; GICA
    This paper describes a case of canine visceral Leishmaniasis resistant to Meglumine Antimoniate plus allopurinol treatment in a canine patient from Colombia. A one-year-old castrated dog of the schnauzer breed was referred for veterinary consultation for showing a 2-month history of dermatological lesions on the back of the body and tail. Clinical examination revealed circular and ulcerative alopecic lesions delimited by a high relief border. Based on the clinical examination and laboratory analysis, canine leishmaniasis by Leishmania infantum was established as a diagnosis. The patient was treated with Glucantime (50mg/kg subcutaneously twice daily for 4 weeks) plus Allopurinol (10mg/kg twice a day orally for 10 months). Eight weeks after began treatment lesions had disappeared. However, two months later there was a clinical relapse. To our knowledge, it is the first report of resistance of canine Leishmaniasis to Glucantime plus allopurinol in Colombia.
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    Comparison between five coprological methods for the diagnosis of Balantidium coli cysts in fecal samples from pigs
    (2021-04-12) Pinilla, Juan Carlos; Pinilla, Andrea Isabel; Florez, Angel Alberto; GICA
     Background and Aim: Balantidium coli is a protozoan that can infect humans and non-human primates, being the domestic pigs the animals most affected by this parasite. This study aimed to compare the performance of five coprological methods for diagnosis of Balantidium coli cysts in fecal samples from pigs. Materials and Methods: From September to December 2019, 558 fecal samples were collected from the rectum of backyard pigs in the Bucaramanga metropolitan area, Colombia. The average age of the sampled animals was 3-4 months. Fecal samples collected were tested using the following coprological techniques: Direct examination with Lugol’s iodine solution, buffered saline, centrifugation/flotation and McMaster techniques, and Ziehl–Neelsen method. Results: The results indicate that B. coli cysts were diagnosed most frequently through direct examination with Lugol’s iodine solution (52.7% of the samples) followed by direct examination with a buffered saline solution (37.6%). Moderate concordance (k=0.41; p<0.05) was determined between direct method with Lugol’s iodine and buffered saline solution, McMaster and buffered saline (k=0.35; p<0.05), and centrifugation/flotation and buffered saline (k=0.28; p<0.05) showed a fair degree of concordance. The rest of the comparisons were classified as poor. The flotation techniques (centrifugation/ flotation and McMaster) did not show good recovery of cysts. Conclusion: It is concluded that the most efficient method for diagnosing this parasitosis was to an association between direct examination with Lugol’s iodine solution and buffered saline.
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    Comportamiento epidemiológico de Cystoisospora suis en granjas porcinas ubicadas en la región central de Venezuela
    (2018) Pinilla-León, Juan Carlos; Da Silva-Borges, Natalia
    Se condujo una investigación en Venezuela durante el año 2016 con el propósito de estudiar el comportamiento epidemiológico de Cystoisospora suis. Se incluyeron 67 granjas porcinas intensivas con antecedentes de diarrea neonatal. Para la determinación parasitaria se seleccionaron 572 camadas, así como 1,712 muestras fecales de cerdos adultos. En todas las granjas se aplicó una encuesta epidemiológica escrita. Todas las muestras se cultivaron en dicromato de potasio al 2.5% y posteriormente se procesaron con una técnica copro-parasitológica. Los resultados señalan que C. suis se encontró en 55 de 67 granjas (82.1 %) y 210 camadas (36.7 %), con los mayores valores de frecuencia en las dos primeras semanas de vida (P<0.05).Al referir los resultados en cerdos adultos se encontró correlación significativa (rho= 0.35; P<0.05) entre infección de lechones y cerdas, lo que sugiere que cerdas madres podrían actuar como fuentes de infección. El número de partos se encontró estadísticamente correlacionado con los valores de frecuencia en camadas y cerdas (P<0.05), lo que indica que, a mayor número de partos, disminuye la frecuencia. Probablemente estos hallazgos se asocian con mecanismos inmunológicos desconocidos.La infección en camadas menores a tres días de edad, presuponela existencia de alguna ruta alternativa de la infección. Se concluye que C. suisse encuentra ampliamente distribuida en la región central de Venezuela y que pudiera ser controlada mejorando las condiciones sanitarias de las granjas; sin embargo, mecanismos inmunológicos aún sin dilucidar podrían estar involucrados en la transmisión del protozoario.
  • Publicación
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    Dinámica de infección por Cystoisospora suis (Isospora suis) en una granja piloto ubicada en el estado Carabobo, Venezuela
    (México : Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Pecuarias. 2019, 2019-01) Pinilla-León, Juan Carlos; Da Silva-Borges, Natalia
    La investigación se realizó en Venezuela desde septiembre de 2015 hasta agosto de 2016 con la finalidad de determinar la dinámica de la infección por Cystoisospora suis en una granja piloto. Para la determinación parasitaria se colectaron 480 muestras fecales de camadas, distribuidas en cuatro grupos de edades: grupo 1 (1-7 días de edad, 20 %), grupo 2 (8–14 días, 47 %), grupo 3 (15-21 días, 23 %) y grupo 4 (22-28 días, 10 %). Todas las muestras se cultivaron en dicromato de potasio al 2.5% y posteriormente se procesaron con una técnica de centrifugación-flotación. Los resultados señalan que C. suis se encontró presente durante todo el período de estudio con 52.08 % de prevalencia, y presentando mayor frecuencia en lechones con dos semanas de vida. Posiblemente, las condiciones de manejo y salubridad de la granja favorecen los mecanismos de sobrevivencia y proliferación del parásito. Con respecto al mes de muestreo, no se encontró significancia (P>0.05) entre las constantes meteoro epidemiológica se analizaron mediante una prueba de correlación de Spearman, y se determinó asociación significativa (P<0.05) entre la prevalencia y la asistencia veterinaria, protocolo de desinfección 3 y empleo de Baycox al 5%. Se concluye que las condiciones meteorológicas registradas son óptimas para que ocurra el proceso de esporulación, y por tanto, para mantener viables ooquistes de C. suis durante todo el año.
  • Publicación
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    Efecto del ibuprofeno en el establecimiento de la gestación de embriones bovinos producidos in vitro
    (2021-04-22) Narváez-Bedoya, Héctor Javier; GICA
    El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar el efecto de la administración de ibuprofeno en el establecimiento de la gestación de embriones bovinos producidos in vitro. Se utilizaron 85 novillas Bos taurus x B. indicus como receptoras de embriones, las cuales fueron sometidas a un protocolo de sincronización del estro y de la ovulación con la inserción de un implante intravaginal de progesterona (Sincrogest®) por ocho días, más la aplicación de 2 mg de benzoato de estradiol (Sincrodiol®). A la remoción del implante se aplicaron 500 μg cloprostenol sódico (Sincrocio®), 300 UI de gonadotrofina coriónica equina (Sincro eCG®), más la administración de 1 mg de cipionato de estradiol (SincroCP®,). Una hora antes a la transferencia de los embriones se aplicó 5 mg/kg de ibuprofeno IM. No se observó diferencia significativa en la tasa de gestación del grupo control (47.5%) y del grupo ibuprofeno (35.5%). Se concluye que la administración de ibuprofeno en novillas B. taurus x B. indicus una hora antes de la transferencia de los embriones in vitro no presentó efecto sobre el establecimiento de la gestación.
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    Effect of the genetic group of cows of the Gyr and Holstein breeds on the in vitro production technique of bovine embryos
    (2020-07-21) Narvaez-Bedoya, Hector Javier; Gica
    The aim of this study was to evaluate the genetic group effect of oocyte donors of the Gyr and Holstein breeds on the performance of the in vitro embryo production technique. Twelve multiparous cows were used, non-lactating, six of the Gyr breed (Bos indicus), and six of the Holstein (Bos taurus) breed. Prior to the implementation of the follicular aspiration technique, the animals were subjected to estrus synchronization through the administration of 3 mg estradiol benzoate (RIC-BE®, Tecnopec Ltda., Brazil) plus the insertion of an ear implant with norgestomet (Crestar®, Intervet, Brazil). Aspiration was performed seven days after the start of the synchronization protocol. The results showed that the cows of the Gyr breed had a higher number of visualized follicles and recovered oocytes, as well as a higher cleavage and blastocyst rate on day 7. These results allow considering that, the application of the in vitro embryo production technique in the Gyr breed offers a better performance in specific parameters in comparison to the Holstein breed.
  • Publicación
    Acceso abierto
    First report of furuncular myiasis in a domestic dog caused by Dermatobia hominis (Linnaeus, 1781) in Colombia
    (2020-04-05) Florez-Muñoz, Angel Alberto; Martinez-Marin, Jaime Andres; Solano-Marcixgclia, Jorge Alberto; Pinilla-Leon, Juan Carlos; Gica
    This paper reports a case of furuncular myiasis caused by Dermatobia hominis in a domestic dog from Colombia. A male domestic dog, German shepherd breed, of approximately 2 years old was brought for medical consultation. The reason was the presence of one furuncular lesion and discomfort in the patient. Clinical examination revealed a wound over the sacral area similar to an inflammatory papule, with a central punctum exuding a serosanguinous discharge. In the medical examination was applied pressure around the wound, that allowed evidencing a larva inside the tissue. The applied treatment was surgical removal of the larva in the dog. Treatment was complemented with Cephalexin (20 mg / kg, twice a day orally for 7 days), Meloxicam (0.2 mg / kg, once a day orally for 3 days) and cleaning with chlorhexidine, three times a day until removal of points 7 days later. The larva was sent to Parasitology laboratory of the UDES for morphology identification. The larva was identified as Dermatobia hominis.
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    Frecuencia de Neospora caninum en bovinos doble propósito en fincas del estado Guárico, Venezuela
    (2018-01-23) Pinilla León, Juan Carlos; Da Silva Borges, Natalia
    Se condujo una investigación con el propósito de determinar la frecuencia de Neospora caninum en bovinos de doble propósito. Se colectaron 890 muestras de sangre distribuidas en cuatro grupos etarios: 0–6 meses, 6–12 meses, 12–24 meses y >24 meses. La presencia de anticuerpos se determinó mediante un kit de ELISA indirecto, y los resultados se clasificaron en positivos y negativos. La seroprevalencia general fue de 21 % en bovinos, y 76.6 % en las fincas evaluadas. Al referir los resultados al grupo etario no se encontró asociación estadística (P>0.05); sin embargo, el riesgo de ser seropositivo incrementa con la edad, indicando la alta probabilidad de transmisión horizontal de N. caninum en el rebaño. Igualmente no hubo asociación estadística con respecto al sexo (P>0.05). Con relación al estatus reproductivo, se encontró asociación estadística (P<0.05) con respecto al aborto. Aunque todos los grupos resultaron positivos, las vacas con historia de aborto mostraron mayor seroconversión, lo que indica que el riesgo de aborto aumenta con niveles crecientes de anticuerpos contra el parásito. Del total de fincas positivas (76.6), se observó mayor seroconversión (100) en las que tenían mayor cantidad de perros (> 7 perros), y este resultado indica que a mayor cantidad de perros, mayor prevalencia de N. caninum, ya que los perros son la principal fuente de transmisión horizontal. Se concluye que existe circulación antigénica de N. caninum asociada a abortos en bovinos del estado Guarico, y que pudiera ser controlada mejorando las condiciones sanitarias de las explotaciones.
  • Publicación
    Acceso abierto
    Identification of Multiple Blastocystis Subtypes in Domestic Animals From Colombia Using Amplicon-Based Next Generation Sequencing
    (2021-08-24) Higuera, Adriana; Herrera, Giovanny; Jimenez, Paula; Garcia-Corredor, Diego; Pulido-Medellín, Martin; Bulla-Castañeda, Diana M.; Pinilla, Juan Carlos; Moreno-Pérez, Darwin A.; Maloney, Jenny G.; Santin, Mónica; Ramirez, Juan David; GICAS
    Blastocystis is frequently reported in fecal samples from animals and humans worldwide, and a variety of subtypes (STs) have been observed in wild and domestic animals. In Colombia, few studies have focused on the transmission dynamics and epidemiological importance of Blastocystis in animals. In this study, we characterized the frequency and subtypes of Blastocystis in fecal samples of domestic animals including pigs, minipigs, cows, dogs, horses, goats, sheep, and llama from three departments of Colombia. Of the 118 fecal samples included in this study 81.4% (n = 96) were positive for Blastocystis using a PCR that amplifies a fragment of the small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) gene. PCR positive samples were sequenced by next generation amplicon sequencing (NGS) to determine subtypes. Eleven subtypes were detected, ten previously reported, ST5 (50.7%), ST10 (47.8%), ST25 (34.3%), ST26 (29.8%), ST21 (22.4%), ST23 (22.4%), ST1 (17.9%), ST14 (16.4%), ST24 (14.9%), ST3 (7.5%), and a novel subtype, named ST32 (3.0%). Mixed infection and/or intra -subtype variations were identified in most of the samples. Novel ST32 was observed in two samples from a goat and a cow. To support novel subtype designation, a MinION based sequencing strategy was used to generate the full-length of the SSU rRNA gene. Comparison of full-length nucleotide sequences with those from current valid subtypes supported the designation of ST32. This is the first study in Colombia using NGS to molecularly characterize subtypes of Blastocystis in farm animals. A great diversity of subtypes was observed in domestic animals including subtypes previously identified in humans. Additionally, subtype overlap between the different hosts examined in this study were observed. These findings highlight the presence of Blastocystis subtypes with zoonotic potential in farm animals indicating that farm animals could play a role in transmission to humans.
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    Acceso abierto
    In vivo protection against chagasic cardiomyopathy progression using trypanocidal fractions from Lippia alba (Verbenaceae) essential oils
    (2021-09-05) Quimbaya-Ramírez, John Jaime; Gonzalez, Clara Isabel; Stashenko, Elena; Mantilla-Hernández, Julio Cesar; GICA
    The present study reports the trypanocidal and cardioprotective properties of fractions derived from Lippia alba (Verbenaceae family) essential oils (EOs), in a murine model of chronic Chagas disease (ChD). This infection represents one of the most serious public health problems in Latin American countries, without an effective therapy for chronic infection and its eventual cardiac complications. In the model established herein, the therapeutic scheme which involved 30 oral and daily doses of OxiLim (a mix composed by fractions enriched in citral, caryophyllene oxide, and limonene) was not toxic and exhibited trypanocidal activity comparable to benznidazole (assessed by parasitic DNA quantification-qPCR); but with an additional protective effects against cardiomyopathy progression. This last finding was confirmed by both echocardiography (reduction in the maximum diameter of the cardiac silhouette), and heart histopathology (tissue recovery, abundant fibroblasts, and mild separation of cardiac fibers). Conversely, rats treated only with benznidazole showed a significant increase in cardiac diameter with severe fiber dilation, angiogenesis, and high diversity of immune infiltrate. This research reports a highly trypanocidal (similar to benznidazole) therapeutic scheme based on L. alba essential oil fractions (OxiLim), which also exhibits a positive cardioprotective effect in the course of chronic chagasic car-diomyopathy, in rats.
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    Insuficiencia Renal Crónica en caninos: Reporte de caso clínico
    (2018) Pinilla León, Juan Carlos; Florez Muñoz, Angel Alberto; Da Silva Borges, Natalia
    It´s the clinical case report of a German shepherd dog, eight years old, that enters to veterinary consultation presenting frequent vomiting, hematemesis, anuric and defensive abdomen. Upon physical examination, there is congested conjunctival mucosa, oral ulcers, ammoniacal odor, depressed, intense pain at palpation of the hypogastrium and left flank. The realization of complete hematology, blood chemistry, Ehrlichia sp. and Anaplasma sp. test were indicated. In addition to the images study in the abdominal cavity. The results obtained showed a slight anemia, thrombocytopenia, elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine, and significant proteinuria. The study of images did not show the presence of digestive pathologies. According to the clinical signs and complementary examinations, it´s concluded that the patient showed a severe chronic renal failure.
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    Interacción entre factores de riesgo epidemiológico asociados a la infección por Cystoisospora suis en granjas porcinas intensivas
    (2017) Pinilla León, Juan Carlos; Da Silva Borges, Natalia
    It was carried out an investigation in Venezuela during 2016 with the aim to determine statistical association between some risk factor´s and Cystoisospora suis in swine intensive herds. Sixty-seven farms with a history of neonatal diarrhea were selected. 10% of the litters were sampled, and from each selected litter, 4 to 5 piglets were selected. A hyssop were introduced by rectal way with the purpose of causing stimulation and collect the stool sample. An epidemiological survey was applied on each farm. The stool samples were cultivated in a 2.5% potassium dichromate solution during 24 h and later processed with a concentration – flotation technique. The results indicate that C. suis was found on 55 farms (82.1%). According to the bivariate analysis, statistical association (P < 0.05) were found between negative values with respect to the type of floors, disinfection programs and Veterinary presence. The size and type of farm had no statistical effect. According to the multivariate analysis, statistical association was determined between protocol 1 applied to plastic pallet floors in farms with good hygiene, as well as the permanence of the Veterinary, which are modalities that were associated with them and with the group of farms that were negative to C. suis. It is concluded that the multivariate analysis allows to evaluate the relationship between epidemiological factors that minimize the possibilities of proliferation and dissemination of the parasite in the herd, and should be considered in the control programs.
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    Notoedric mange in a domestic cat: Application of ivermectin and supportive therapy
    (2021-06-02) Florez-Muñoz, Angel Alberto; Pinilla-Leon, Juan Carlos; GICA
    Feline scabies is a disease that is caused by Notoedres cati, a sarcoptic mite that injures the skin tissue. The present clinical case relates a notoedric scabies in a domestic cat, clinical observations, diagnostic test, and treatment. A 4-yearold male neutered domestic short haired cat was brought at a veterinary clinic. Alopecia, erythema, scales, crusts and hyperkeratosis were observed on the head, and pinnae and malodorous from lesions were observed in dermatological examination. Deep skin scrapings were collected. Microscopic examination revealed adult live mites presence. Based on the morphology, the mites isolated were identified as Notoedres cati. Ivermectin oral capsules (300µg/kg), repeat dose at 14 days. Bath with chlorhexidine and Benzoyl peroxide every 5 days for two months were applied. Moreover, multivitamin complexes were supplied daily, orally. An immunostimulant 1mL/10kg. IM, again applied two days. A clinical improvement in the cat was observed after administered this treatment. The present study reports notoedric mange in a domestic short haired cat in Colombia. The application of ivermectin with supportive therapy was useful in the treatment of notoedric scabies in this cat. The application of products other than ivermectin showed positive clinical observations in the recovery of this patient with feline scabies.
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    Point prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in double purpose cattle of Rio de Oro and Aguachica municipalities, Cesar state, Colombia
    (2018-05) Pinilla-León, Juan Carlos; Flórez, Paola; Sierra, Marly T.; Morales-Ramírez, Elsa; Sierra, Raúl; Vasquez de Díaz, María Cristina; Tobon, Julio César; Sanchez, Alfredo; Ortiz, Diego
    Gastrointestinal parasites are one of the most important health problems in cattle worldwide, as they cause economic losses in the herds. Twenty - seven double purpose herds were visited to determine the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in cattle at the Rio de Oro and Aguachica municipalities. Overall, 862 fecal samples were collected in three age groups: <12months, 12-24months and >24months. Stool samples were taken directly from the rectum and refrigerated until processing. For parasite determination, fecal samples were processed using coprological techniques. The parasitic genera were identified by egg or infective larval morphology. The global prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites was 83.2%, being the highest values for Eimeria sp. (77.9%), Strongyloides sp. (10.8%) and Haemonchus sp. (8.5%). Regarding the prevalence by municipalities, there was no statistical association (P>0.05) indicating that the prevalence was similar in the two municipalities. Regarding the results for Eimeria sp., different degrees of positivity were observed, reflecting that there was statistical association (P<0.05) with respect to the age group, suggesting that adult animals may act as infection source for calves. Likewise, there was statistical association (P<0.05) between the prevalence for Strongyloides sp., Haemonchus sp. and Trichostrongylus sp. with respect to the age group. It is concluded that there is a high prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in dual-purpose cattle in the municipalities under study, and that it could be controlled by improving the hygienic conditions of the herds, and informing the farmer about parasite control programs.
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    Presence of Brucella canis in dogs from two shelters at Bucaramanga city (Colombia) during 2012
    (2013-07) Uribe Valderrama, Rubén-Darío; Delgado Villamizar, Karen
    Canine brucellosis, caused by Brucella canis, is a zoonotic bacterial disease worldwide distributed that affects dogs and occasionally man. The incidence of this disease is estimated between 6 and 11 % in Colombia. This study determined the presence of the disease in street dogs from two shelters at the city of Bucaramanga. The sample comprised 136 dogs from a population of 200 animals housed in both shelters. The reliability of the test was 95%. Animals were subjected to complete clinical examination to determine their age and sex. Vacutainer® tubes without anticoagulant were used during blood sampling by peripheral venipuncture (cephalic vein) for serological tests. An immunoassay (Anigen quick test) was conducted for the qualitative detection of antibodies. Data were processed by descriptive statistics. Frequency distributions were grouped into class intervals, applying Pearson´s correlation coefficient to the variables under study. Groups 1-3, 3-6, and > 6 years of age showed no antibodies against the disease. Similarly, no correlation was observed between gender and disease presence in the studied shelters. It can be concluded that antibodies to Brucella canis were not present at the time of sampling and the variables studied are not inherent to the disease. However, considering its importance to public health, further research on this topic is suggested.
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    Presence of IgG antibodies against reproductive infections in breeding bulls of Magdalena Medio, Colombia
    (2015) Camacho M., Rodolfo; Carvajal, Lenny Y.; Castellanos Domínguez, Yeny Zulay; Díaz, Wilson F.; Vásquez de Díaz, María Cristina
    Background: cattle farming is an important economic activity in several regions of Colombia. However, farmers are unaware of their cattle health status, and particularly of bacterial, parasitic, and viral diseases, which affect reproduction and profitability. Objective: to assess the presence of IgG antibodies against infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR), bovine viral diarrhea (BVD), bovine leukosis, leptospirosis, brucellosis, and Neospora caninum in breeding bulls in the Magdalena Medio of Colombia, according to age, breed, and origin. Methods: a descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted with 174 male breeding cattle from several subspecies. Animals were above 18 months of age and belonged to dual-purpose farms in the Magdalena Medio region. Presence of IgG anti-IBR, BVD, brucellosis, neosporosis, and leukosis antibodies were determined with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). A sample of 156 males was assessed for leptospirosis using a microscopic agglutination test (MAT) in a dark field. Results: IgG anti-IBR antibodies were found in 92.5% of the animals, anti-BVD in 62.6%, anti-Neospora caninum in 79.3%, anti-Brucella abortus in 4.02%, anti-Leptospira pomona in 8.33%, and anti-L. hardjo in 15.38%, with >1:100 titres. Besides, 64.94% prevalence was observed for bovine leukosis. Conclusions: a high prevalence of IgG anti-IBR, IgG anti-BVD, IgG antiNeospora caninum, IgG anti-leukosis, and IgG anti-lepstospirosis antibodies were observed in Magdalena Medio bulls. With respect to B. abortus, confirmatory and competitive ELISA test should be performed and sanitary standards need to be established. Detection of IgG antibodies among bulls reveals poor sanitary conditions, absent of protective-vaccination antibodies and an urgent need for health control measurements.
  • Publicación
    Restringido
    Prevalence and risk factors of gastrointestinal parasites in backyard pigs reared in the bucaramanga metropolitan area, Colombia
    (2020-10) Pinilla, Juan Carlos; Morales, Elsa; Uribe-Delgado, Nelson; Florez, Angel Alberto; Gica
    Backyard pigs have been associated with poor sanitary conditions and the development of parasitic diseases, often causing public health and food safety problems. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors for gastrointestinal parasites in backyard pigs. 279 animals were sampled from thirty-two backyard pig farms located in the Bucaramanga, Floridablanca, Giron and Piedecuesta municipalities, from Bucaramanga Metropolitan Area, Colombia. Fecal samples were taken directly from the rectum and processed by four coprological techniques. The overall prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites was 91%, being the highest values for Balantidium coli and Eimeria sp. Regarding the prevalence by municipalities, there was no statistical association (p ≥ 0.05) indicating that the prevalence was similar in the region under study. Floridablanca municipality, free-ranging pigs, access to latrines, and consumption of spring water showed to be a risk factor for nematodes, while Giron municipality, pigs > 7 months of age and access to latrines, increased infection risk for coccidian. We concluded that there is a high prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in backyard pigs from the Bucaramanga Metropolitan Area, and that it could be controlled by improving management practices and farm facilities.