Evaluación Citogenética en un Grupo de Niños Habitacionalmente Expuestos a Carbón en el Municipio de Albania – La Guajira
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Evaluación_Citogenética_en_un_Grupo_de_Niños_Habitacionalmente_ Expuestos_a_Carbón_en_el_Municipio_de_Albania_La Guajira.pdf
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Resumen en español
Los micronúcleos son fragmentos o cromosomas completos que quedan fuera del núcleo durante la mitosis, mediante su estudio se pueden evaluar los efectos de genotóxicos ambientales y ocupacionales. Esta prueba es ampliamente utilizada y es una alternativa eficaz, sencilla y económica para detectar la perdida de material genético. En los últimos años, numerosos autores han investigado a cerca de los daños genotóxicos producidos por la exposición a carbón, no existen en el departamento de La Guajira reportes de estudios que analicen dichos efectos en los niños, por esta razón el objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el daño genético en un grupo de niños entre los 8 y 14 años mediante la técnica de micronúcleos para la determinación de su asociación con la exposición a carbón en el municipio de Albania- La Guajira. Se estudiaron 40 muestras de niños que habitan en el municipio de Albania, escolarizados en la institución educativa San Rafael, considerados expuestos a carbón por residir en dicho municipio el cual se encuentra en una cuenca sedimentaria de carbón, explotado por Cerrejón; realizando un raspado de la mucosa bucal para el análisis de micronúcleos mediante la coloración de Giemsa y se evaluaron 1000 células por placa para un total de 2000 células por participante. Teniendo en cuenta el desarrollo de la investigación se encontró un número total de 183 alteraciones citogenéticas en el grupo de participantes, de los cuales 70 promediada un (0.17%) corresponden a células binucleadas, mientras que 113 promediada (0.28%), corresponden a células micronucleadas. Al hacer los cálculos correspondientes, se pudo determinar que el porcentaje de daño a nivel de las células de la mucosa bucal es 0.45%. Los tipos de daño que más se evidenciaron en este estudio fueron micronúcleos y células binucleadas, y no se evidenciaron otros tipos de micronúcleos tales como cariorrexis o núcleos picnóticos. Se concluyó en este estudio al hacer un análisis de correlación entre el tiempo de exposición y los porcentajes de daño citogenético observado, que no existe una asociación entre el tiempo de exposición y el porcentaje de daño observado.
Resumen en ingles
Micronuclei are fragments or complete chromosomes that remain outside the nucleus during mitosis, through their study the effects of environmental and occupational genotoxic agents can be evaluated. This test is widely used and is an effective, simple and inexpensive alternative to detect the loss of genetic material. In recent years, numerous authors have investigated about the genotoxic damages produced by exposure to coal, there are no reports of studies in the department of La Guajira that analyze these effects in children, for this reason the objective of this work was to evaluate the genetic damage in a group of children between the ages of 8 and 14 using the micronucleus technique to determine its association with carbon exposure in the municipality of Albania-La Guajira. Forty samples of children who live in the municipality of Albania, enrolled in the San Rafael educational institution, were studied, considered exposed to coal because they reside in said municipality, which is located in a sedimentary basin of coal, exploited by Cerrejón; performing a scraping of the buccal mucosa for the analysis of micronuclei by Giemsa staining and 1000 cells per plate were evaluated for a total of 2000 cells per participant. Taking into account the development of the research, a total number of 183 cytogenetic alterations was found in the group of participants, of which 70 averaged (0.17%) correspond to binucleated cells, while 113 averaged (0.28%) correspond to cells micronucleated. By making the corresponding calculations, it was possible to determine that the percentage of damage at the level of the cells of the buccal mucosa is 0.45%. The types of damage that were most evident in this study were micronuclei and binucleated cells, and other types of micronuclei such as karyorrhexis or pyknotic nuclei were not evidenced. It was concluded in this study by doing a correlation analysis between the exposure time and the observed cytogenetic damage percentages, that there is no association between the exposure time and the observed damage percentage. Micronuclei are fragments or complete chromosomes that remain outside the nucleus during mitosis, through their study the effects of environmental and occupational genotoxic agents can be evaluated. This test is widely used and is an effective, simple and inexpensive alternative to detect the loss of genetic material. In recent years, numerous authors have investigated about the genotoxic damages produced by exposure to coal, there are no reports of studies in the department of La Guajira that analyze these effects in children, for this reason the objective of this work was to evaluate the genetic damage in a group of children between the ages of 8 and 14 using the micronucleus technique to determine its association with carbon exposure in the municipality of Albania-La Guajira. Forty samples of children who live in the municipality of Albania, enrolled in the San Rafael educational institution, were studied, considered exposed to coal because they reside in said municipality, which is located in a sedimentary basin of coal, exploited by Cerrejón; performing a scraping of the buccal mucosa for the analysis of micronuclei by Giemsa staining and 1000 cells per plate were evaluated for a total of 2000 cells per participant. Taking into account the development of the research, a total number of 183 cytogenetic alterations was found in the group of participants, of which 70 averaged (0.17%) correspond to binucleated cells, while 113 averaged (0.28%) correspond to cells micronucleated. By making the corresponding calculations, it was possible to determine that the percentage of damage at the level of the cells of the buccal mucosa is 0.45%. The types of damage that were most evident in this study were micronuclei and binucleated cells, and other types of micronuclei such as karyorrhexis or pyknotic nuclei were not evidenced. It was concluded in this study by doing a correlation analysis between the exposure time and the observed cytogenetic damage percentages, that there is no association between the exposure time and the observed damage percentage.