Examinando por Autor "Castellanos Domínguez, Yeny Zulay"

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  • Publicación
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    Epidemiology, risk factors and genotypes of HBV in HIV-infected patients in the northeast region of Colombia: High prevalence of occult hepatitis B and F3 subgenotype dominance
    (2014-12-02) Bautista Amorocho, Henry; Castellanos Domínguez, Yeny Zulay; Rodríguez Villamizar, Laura Andrea; Velandia Cruz, Sindi Alejandra; Becerra Peña, Jeysson Andrey; Farfán García, Ana Elvira
    Abstract Introduction: Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is an increasing cause of morbidity and mortality in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals. HIV-positive patients are commonly co-infected with HBV due to shared routes of transmission. Objectives: Our aim was to determine the risk factors, prevalence, genotypes, and mutations of the Surface S gene of HBV, and occult hepatitis B infection (OBI) among patients infected with HIV in a northeastern Colombian city. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 275 HIV-positive patients attending an outpatient clinic in Bucaramanga, Colombia during 2009–2010. Blood samples were collected and screened for serological markers of HBV (anti-HBs, anti-HBc and HBsAg) through ELISA assay. Regardless of their serological profile, all samples were tested for the HBV S gene by nested-PCR and HBV genotypes were determined by phylogenetic inference. Clinical records were used to examine demographic, clinical, virological, immunological and antiretroviral therapy (ART) variables of HIV infection. Results: Participants were on average 37¡11 years old and 65.1% male. The prevalence of HIV-HBV coinfection was 12% (95%CI 8.4–16.4) of which 3.3% had active HBV infection and 8.7% OBI. The prevalence of HIV-HBV coinfection was associated with AIDS stage and ART treatment. Sequence analysis identifiedgenotype F, subgenotype F3 in 93.8% of patients and genotype A in 6.2% of patients. A C149R mutation, which may have resulted from failure in HBsAg detection, was found in one patient with OBI. Conclusions: The present study found a high prevalence of HIV-HBV coinfection with an incidence of OBI 2.6-fold higher compared to active HBV infection. These findings suggest including HBV DNA testing to detect OBI in addition to screening for HBV serological markers in HIV patients.
  • Publicación
    Acceso abierto
    Marcadores serológicos y moleculares de infección por el virus de la hepatitis B en estudiantes universitarios colombianos
    (2012-10) Bautista Amorocho, Henry; Castellanos Domínguez, Yeny Zulay; Farfán García, Ana Elvira
    Introduction: Reports from the World Health Organization (WHO) show that the prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections varies by geographical region and risk group. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of HBV infections, as well as the vaccination status, among university students from Bucaramanga. Methodology: This was a cross sectional study conducted in 2010 which included 1298 students from five universities. Serological markers for HBV infection were detected using ELISA. Viral genomes were detected with nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: Active infections were established in 0.15% of the study population, and this finding was confirmed by PCR. Resolved infections were identified in 0.60% of the population. Isolated anti-HBc antibodies were found, 30.2% of vaccinated individuals. 67.9% of the study population was susceptible. No occult HBV was detected. Conclusions: The low prevalence of HBV infections reported in this study contrasts with the intermediate epidemiological pattern described in the region. We found poor vaccination coverage and absence of occult hepatitis B among these university students.
  • Publicación
    Acceso abierto
    Trypanosoma cruzi : Prevalencia y factores de riesgo de seropositividad en donantes de sangre del Hemocentro y unidad de aféresis, Valledupar, Colombia, 2013-2014
    (2014-12-19) Rocha-Muñoz, Linda P.; Hernández Peñaranda, Indira Paola; Martínez Pedraza, Mairta M.; Castellanos Domínguez, Yeny Zulay
    Introducción: La transmisión de Trypanosoma cruzi por transfusiones sanguíneas representa la segunda línea de infección después de la vectorial, lo que hace necesario identificar algunas particularidades socioepidemiológicas en los donantes que permitan predecir la infección por Trypanosoma cruzi. objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de anticuerpos anti-Trypanosoma cruzi y los factores de riesgo de seropositividad en donantes de sangre voluntarios del Hemocentro y Unidad de Aféresis de Valledupar, Colombia. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal en 170 donantes de sangre voluntarios reclutados entre 2013 y 2014. La detección de anticuerpos IgG anti-Trypanosoma cruzi se realizó mediante pruebas serológicas. Las variables que predicen la seropositividad para Trypanosoma cruzi se indagaron mediante un cuestionario socioepidemiológico y un posterior análisis bivariado y de regresión logística. Resultados: Se encontró una prevalencia general de infección por Trypanosoma cruzi del 0,14%. Las variables que permitieron predecir la seropositividad en los donantes fueron: la presencia del vector en la casa, el haber sido picado por el vector alguna vez en la vida y habitar en una casa de tapia pisada o bajareque durante la infancia. Conclusiones: Aunque la prevalencia de anticuerpos anti-Trypanosoma cruzi fue baja en los donantes de sangre de Valledupar, Colombia, este estudio revela la importancia de incorporar preguntas en el formulario de selección de donantes que adviertan al profesional del banco de sangre sobre una posible infección con el parásito, para así optimizar el tamizaje de unidades de sangre y su clasificación como no aptas para transfusión.