Examinando por Autor "Posso-Rivera, Fausto Rene"

Mostrando 1 - 7 de 7
  • Publicación
    Acceso abierto
    Estimación del potencial de producción de bioetanol para los residuos de la corteza del cacao en Ecuador
    (2020-08-26) Sigüencia-Avila, Jorge Marcelo; Delgado-Noboa, Jorge Washington; Posso-Rivera, Fausto Rene; Sanchez-Quezada, Johanna Patricia; Nuevas Tecnologías
    En el presente estudio se estima el potencial de producción de bioetanol en Ecuador, teóricamenteobtenible a partir del aprovechamiento de residuos de cacao; para esto, se formuló un modelo matemáticode la hidrólisis ácida en la celulosa de la corteza del cacao y su conversión a etanol por fermentación.Metodológicamente, el estudio se apoya en documentación ocial sobre la cantidad de biomasa residual deeste cultivo nacional y provincial, y en un modelo cinético adaptado al caso en estudio. Se obtuvo 8,28 Mmlde bioetanol, de cuya mezcla con gasolina extra, en una proporción 5:95 v/v, resulta la gasolina EcopaísE5C. Se estimó una producción de 166 Mml de E5C, correspondiente al 10 % de la producción nacionalpara el año 2017 y 56 % de la producción para el año 2014, año en el que se estimó la biomasa residualde cacao. Asimismo, la región Costa aporta el 71 % de la producción nacional de bioetanol y de E5C,liderado por la provincia de Guayas, en la cual la gasolina E5 representa el 25 % de su consumo en 2017.Se concluye que esta ruta de producción de bioetanol es una opción atractiva de diversicación respecto alcultivo de la caña de azúcar, y agrega valor a una biomasa residual desechada actualmente. Los resultadosteóricos constituyen la base para estudios más detallados en provincias que combinan un alto potencialde residuos del cacao y un consumo creciente de E5C, pero deben complementarse con investigaciones decorte experimental para corroborar su validez y aportar elementos que determinen la viabilidad de la rutade producción de bioetanol estudiada.
  • Publicación
    Acceso abierto
    Lineamientos Técnicos Para la Comercialización del Hidrógeno Para uso Vehicular en los Distribuidores Minoristas de Combustible en Colombia
    (2021-11-23) Castellanos-Oviedo, Jorge Leonardo; Posso-Rivera, Fausto Rene
    Los avances en la tecnología han hecho a lo largo de los años que se mejore en muchos sectores y en general que se evolucione en todos los aspectos de la vida. Sin embargo, es una realidad, que el aumento de la tecnología y en el consumo han puesto en riesgo la supervivencia del planeta. En este contexto, los automóviles y el creciente parque automotriz se han convertido no sólo en comodidad para quien los usa y en un medio de desarrollo y de posibilidades en un mundo cada vez más globalizado para el transporte de personas, mercancías y otros, sino en un riesgo por los gases que emiten y el ruido que generan. En este sentido, el estudio de las energías alternativas y su uso masivo, más que en una realidad se convirtieron en una necesidad en un mundo donde la posible escasez de recursos nos lleva cada vez más a pensar en soluciones sostenibles que aseguren el cubrimiento de necesidades entre esas las necesidades energéticas. Así, el hidrógeno se ha constituido como una alternativa, que ya algunos países iniciaron a considerar dentro de sus políticas energéticas. En Colombia, aunque se ha iniciado a revisar el tema y existen algunas aproximaciones en términos de legislación, aún no existen leyes, decretos o resoluciones que reglamenten el uso comercial del Hidrógeno para vehículos, por lo que el presente trabajo pretende realizar una propuesta de lineamientos técnicos que sirva de referencia para futuras reglamentaciones al respecto.
  • Publicación
    Acceso abierto
    Residual biomass-based hydrogen production: Potential and possible uses in Ecuador
    (2020-05-11) Posso-Rivera, Fausto Rene; Siguencia, Jorge; Narvaez-C., Ricardo A.; Nuevas Tecnologías
    The residual biomass sources available in Ecuador are evaluated as prime matter for hydrogen (H2) production when considering that it sourced in agriculture, animal husbandry and forestry-related activities. The analysis is performed out of the official cropping information available per provinces. H2 production methods to be assayed consider thermochemical, biochemical and electrochemical paths. The total H2 production potential is 1,600,000 ton H2/year and its use as energy vector would contribute with 38% of the national energy demand in 2017. In addition, its potential application as input in fat hydrogenation and nitrogenated products, in a country-wide scale, would be completely fulfilled. This finding demonstrates that residual biomass-based H2 could become a suitable source of this vector for energy and chemical uses in Ecuador, since it proposes novel approaches for diversifying the secondary energy sources, petrochemical and chemical industry inputs with the purpose of promoting the incorporation of the country to the Hydrogen Economy.
  • Publicación
    Acceso abierto
    Sustainable use of spilled turbinable energy in Ecuador: Three different energy storage systems
    (2022-03-05) Posso-Rivera, Fausto Rene; Zalamea, Javier; Espinoza, Juan L.; Gonzalez, Luis G.; Nuevas Tecnologías
    The incorporation of Energy Storage Systems (ESS) in an electrical power system is studied for the application of Energy Time Shift (ETS) or energy arbitrage, taking advantage of the turbinable energy discharged in hydroelectric plants. For this, three storage systems were selected: Lithium-Ion Batteries (LIB), Vanadium Redox Flow Battery (VRFB), and Hydrogen Storage Systems (H2SS). The spilled turbinable energy available at the Paute Integral hydropower complex in the Republic of Ecuador is taken as the case study. Based on real data from the operation of these plants, a distinctive element of the study, the performance of the selected energy storage systems was analyzed applying the Analytic Hierarchy of Process for decision-making, where technical, economic, and environmental criteria were considered. Electrical energy stored during the early morning seeks to displace the thermal generation during peak hours, close to the demand centers. The results show that all the storage systems analyzed satisfy the required demand, although VRFB is recommended for the ETS. From an economic point of view, LIB represents the best alternative. From a technical point of view, H2SS is slightly superior, while prioritizing environmental aspects, VRFB technology prevails. However, the selection of the best ESS alternative must be continually evaluated, due to permanent technological changes. It is concluded that ESS represent a viable alternative to improve the operational performance of hydroelectric plants, meet the variability of demand, improve the quality of the electrical energy delivered, and displace the pollution-generation plants.
  • Publicación
    Acceso abierto
    Toward the Hydrogen Economy in Paraguay: End-Uses of Green Hydrogen Potential
    (2022-06-03) Posso-Rivera, Fausto Rene; Galeano, Michel; Baranda, César; Franco, David; Rincon, Angel; Zambrano, Juan
    This study analyzed the final stage of the hydrogen economy structure and the end-uses of green hydrogen potential in the Republic of Paraguay. Methodologically, the potential for hydrogen production is considered from key renewable resources (solar PV, wind, and hydro) in Paraguay. This study focused on two opportunity niches for green hydrogen use: in the residential sector, substituting firewood and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) as fuel for cooking and heating, and in the transportation sector, displacing diesel and gasoline in light vehicles and buses. Firewood and LPG demand in homes and diesel and gasoline demand in the transportation are obtained from official statistical data. Energy equivalences to calculate the hydrogen amount required for replacing firewood, LPG, diesel, and gasoline consumption and hydrogen end-use technologies models proposed in similar studies in other countries of the region were considered. A total green hydrogen potential of 394.2 × 106 t was obtained, 367 times higher than the total consumption of secondary energy in the country, which indicates the magnitude of the potential. Firewood, LPG, gasoline, and diesel substitution in the residential and transportation sectors are fully achieved, except in the case of the Capital District and Central Department. The results of this study envisage an optimal scenario for a future hydrogen economy in Paraguay. This will require financial investment from both public and private sectors for the development of sustainable energy projects and the implementation of a suitable infrastructure for using hydrogen as an energy carrier. The geographic distribution of mentioned key renewable resources in Paraguay implies a huge opportunity for the advance of distributed generation in energy policies, meaning greater decentralization, redistribution, sustainability, and democratization of the energy system.
  • Publicación
    Acceso abierto
    Towards the Hydrogen Economy in Paraguay: Green hydrogen production potential and end-uses
    (2022-06-15) Posso-Rivera, Fausto Rene; Galeano, Michel; Baranda, Cesar; Franco, David; Rincon, Angel; Zambrano, Juan; Cavaliero, Carla; Lopes, Davi; Nuevas Tecnologías
    This study was conducted to estimate the potential for green H2 in Paraguay. A total production potential of 22.5 × 106 tons/year was obtained with a main contribution (93.34%) from solar photovoltaic. The greatest potential for producing H2 from solar and wind resources is in the Western region, and from hydro resources is in the Eastern region of the country. Two end-uses of green H2 were assessed: (1) automotive transportation, replacing gasoline and diesel; and (2) residential energy, replacing firewood and LPG for cooking in households across the country. In 16 of the 17 departments, green H2 is able to replace the overall consumption of gasoline and diesel, as well as firewood and LPG. Finally, energy service cost (mobility), environmental aspects and CO2 emissions were considered for three urban mobility technologies for the Metropolitan Area of Asunción. Results show that the mobility cost of fuel cell hybrid electric buses is still very high in comparison to diesel buses and battery electric buses. However, when a longer driving range is required, fuel cell hybrid electric buses could become a viable alternative in the long term. From an environmental point of view, green H2 used in fuel cell hybrid electric buses has the potential to save about 96% of CO2 emissions in comparison to diesel buses. It is concluded that the estimated green H2 production potential favors the incorporation of the Hydrogen Economy in Paraguay.
  • Publicación
    Acceso abierto
    Towards The Hydrogen Economy: Estimation of green hydrogen production potential and the impact of its uses in Ecuador as a case study
    (2022-06-06) Posso-Rivera, Fausto Rene; Pulido-Garzon, Armando; Acevedo-Páez, Juan C.; Nuevas Tecnologías
    The estimation of the green hydrogen (H2) production potential represents the initial stage on the road to integrating the Hydrogen Economy into the energy systems of a country or region. This article has two purposes; the first focuses on identifying and analyzing studies on the amount of green H2 obtainable in countries and regions across the globe. In total, 64 studies in 29 countries are reported, of which the geographical distribution of the estimates of green H2 potential is obtained. Additionally, the most widely used renewable energy sources and the conversion technologies favored for their production were identified. The Americas and Argentina were the continents and the country, respectively, with the largest number of studies. At the same time, solar photovoltaic (PV) and electrolysis are the most studied production methods. The second purpose is to quantify the total potential of green H2 in the Republic of Ecuador and explore its uses as an energy vector and chemical input in niches of opportunity detected from the analysis of its energy balance. In this regard, the total potential of green H2 in Ecuador of 4.38 × 108 tons/year is obtained, being the production of electrolytic H2 with PV electricity the one with the highest contribution. The amount of H2 available satisfies, in excess, the demand for the proposed uses: as fuel and chemical input. These results contribute to the knowledge of the object of study by making visible the interest of the countries in having such estimates and identifying the most attractive production route in the first place, and secondly, providing essential elements for the development of more detailed research and energy planning on the gradual incorporation of the Hydrogen Economy in Ecuador.