Examinando por Autor "Rico, Alvaro"

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  • Publicación
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    Self-Reported Prevalence of Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases in Relation to Socioeconomic and Educational Factors in Colombia: A Community-Based Study in 11 Departments
    (World Heart Federation, 2020-04-21) Camacho López, Paul Anthony; Gómez Arbeláez, Diego; Otero, Johanna; González-Gómez, Silvia; Molina, Dora I.; Sanchez, Gregorio; Arcos, Edgar; Narvaez, Claudia; García, Henry; Pérez, Maritza; Hernandez-Triana, Eric; Durán Parra, Myriam; Cure, Carlos; Sotomayor, Aristides; Rico, Alvaro; Cotes, Fresia; Rangarajan, Sumathy; Yusuf, Salim; Lopez-Jaramillo, Patricio; Everest
    Background: Chronic non-communicable diseases are prevalent conditions in developing countries, such as Colombia. Several socioeconomic and educational factors have been associated with these pathologies. However, there is little country-specific information regarding the self-reported prevalence of chronic diseases and their association with the aforementioned factors in Colombia. Objectives: To evaluate the current situation of chronic non-transmissible diseases in Colombia by self-report and to analyze its potential relationship with sociodemographic, economic and educational factors. Methods: This is a cross-sectional baseline sub-analysis from the prospective, standardized collaborative PURE study in Colombia. Participants were recruited between 2005 to 2009, in 11 departments of the country, and included 7,485 subjects of 35 to 70 years old. Questionnaires of self-reported chronic non-communicable diseases, and demographic, socioeconomic and educational variables were applied. Results: Hypertension was the most prevalent chronic condition reported with a prevalence of 22.2% (21.2%–23.1%, 95% CI), followed by diabetes with a prevalence of 5.7% (5.1%–6.2%, 95% CI), asthma 2.7% (2.2%–3.0%, 95% CI), coronary heart disease 2.4% (2.0%–2.7%, 95% CI), stroke and heart failure 1.5% (1.2%–1.8%, 95% CI) each, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 1.2% (0.6%–1.5%, 95% CI), and cancer 1.2% (1.0%–1.5%, 95% CI). Among the study sample, 23.3% (22.4%–24.3%, 95% CI) reported having one chronic NCDs, and 6.4% (5.9%–7.0%, 95% CI) reported having multiple chronic NCDs. The prevalence of multiple NCDs increased significantly with age, was more common in those from households with higher income, whereas it was significantly lower in persons with high education. The central and central-east regions of the country are those with the higher prevalence of self-reported NCDs. Conclusion: The results of the current study indicate the presence of socioeconomic and educational inequalities in the distribution of chronic NCDs in the Colombian population.
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    Social disparities explain differences in hypertension prevalence, detection and control in Colombia
    (2016-08-12) Camacho López, Paul Anthony; Gómez Arbeláez, Diego; Molina, Dora I.; Sánchez Vallejo, Gregorio; Arcos, Edgar; Narvaez, Claudia; García, Henry; Pérez, Maritza; Hernández, Erick A.; Durán Parra, Myriam; Cure, Carlos; Sotomayor Rubio, Aristides; Rico, Alvaro; David Venegas, Tannia-Melissa; Cohen, Daniel Dylan; Rangarajan, Sumathy; Yusuf, Salim; Lopez-Jaramillo, Patricio
    Objective: Hypertension is the principal risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. The global Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology study showed that the levels of awareness, treatment and control of this condition are very low worldwide and show large regional variations related to a country’s income index. The aim of the present analysis was to identify associations between sociodemographic, geographic, anthropometric, behavioral and clinical factors and the awareness, treatment and control of hypertension within Colombia – a high-middle income country which participated in the global Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology study. Methods and results: The sample comprised 7485 individuals aged 35–70 years (mean age 50.8 years, 64% women). Mean SBP and DBP were 129.12 21.23 and 80.39 11.81 mmHg, respectively. The overall prevalence of hypertension was 37.5% and was substantially higher amongst participants with the lowest educational level, who had a 25% higher prevalence (<0.001). Hypertension awareness, treatment amongst those aware, and control amongst those treated were 51.9, 77.5 and 37.1%, respectively. The prevalence of hypertension was higher amongst those with a higher BMI (<0.001) or larger waist–hip ratio (<0.001). Being male, younger, a rural resident and having a low level of education was associated with significantly lower hypertension awareness, treatment and control. The use of combination therapy was very low (27.5%) and was significantly lower in rural areas and amongst those with a low income. Conclusion: Overall Colombia has a high prevalence of hypertension in combination with very low levels of awareness, treatment and control; however, we found large variations within the country that appear to be associated with sociodemographic disparities.
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    The prediction of Metabolic Syndrome alterations is improved by combining waist circumference and handgrip strength measurements compared to either alone
    (Cardiovascular Diabetology, 2021-03-22) Lopez-Lopez, Jose; Cohen, Daniel Dylan; Ney-Salazar, Daniela; Martinez, Daniel; Otero, Johanna; Gomez-Arbelaez, Diego; Camacho-Lopez, Paul Antony; Sanchez-Vallejo, Gregorio; Arcos, Edgar; Narvaez, Claudia; Garcia, Henry; Perez, Maritza; Molina, Dora I.; Cure, Carlos; Sotomayor, Aristides; Rico, Alvaro; Hernandez-Triana, Eric; Duran Parra, Myriam; Cotes, Fresia; Leong, Darryl P.; Rangarajan, Sumathy; Yusuf, Salim; Lopez-Jaramillo, Patricio; Masira
    Background: Adiposity is a major component of the metabolic syndrome (MetS), low muscle strength has also been identifed as a risk factor for MetS and for cardiovascular disease. We describe the prevalence of MetS and evaluate the relationship between muscle strength, anthropometric measures of adiposity, and associations with the cluster of the components of MetS, in a middle-income country. Methods: MetS was defned by the International Diabetes Federation criteria. To assess the association between anthropometric variables (waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (W/H), body mass index (BMI)), strength (hand‑grip/kg bodyweight (HGS/BW)) and the cluster of MetS, we created a MetS score. For each alteration (high triglycer‑ides, low HDLc, dysglycemia, or high blood pressure) one point was conferred. To evaluate the association an index of fat:muscle and MetS score, participants were divided into 9 groups based on combinations of sex-specifc tertiles of WC and HGS/BW. Results: The overall prevalence of MetS in the 5,026 participants (64% women; mean age 51.2 years) was 42%. Lower HGS/BW, and higher WC, BMI, and W/H were associated with a higher MetS score. Amongst the 9 HGS/BW:WC groups, participants in the lowest tertile of HGS/BW and the highest tertile of WC had a higher MetS score (OR=4.69 in women and OR=8.25 in men;p<0.01) compared to those in the highest tertile of HGS/BW and in the lowest tertile of WC. Conclusion: WC was the principal risk factor for a high MetS score and an inverse association between HGS/BW and MetS score was found. Combining these anthropometric measures improved the prediction of metabolic alterations over either alone
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    The spectrum of the dyslipidemia in Colombia. The PURE study
    (2019) Camacho López, Paul Anthony; Otero, Johanna; Pérez, Maritza; Arcos, Edgar; García, Henry; Narvaez, Claudia; Molina, Dora I.; Sánchez Vallejo, Gregorio; Durán Parra, Myriam; Cure, Carlos; Sotomayor Rubio, Aristides; Rico, Alvaro; Cotes, Fresia; Rangarajan, Sumathy; Yusuf, Salim; Cohen, Daniel Dylan; González Gómez, Silvia; Clausen, Christian; Lopez-Jaramillo, Patricio
    Background Dyslipidemia is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Worldwide, a third of ischemic heart disease is due to abnormal cholesterol levels and it is the most common cause of cardiovascular deaths in Colombia. In Colombia, no representative, large-scale study has assessed the prevalence of dyslipidemia. The aim of the present analysis was to identify the magnitude of the problem in Colombia, a middle-income-country with large regional, geographic, and socio-economical differences. Material and methods The sample comprised 6628 individuals aged 35 to 70 years (mean age 50.7 years, 64.1% women) residing in the four Colombian regions. Results The overall prevalence of dyslipidemia was 87.7% and was substantially higher among participants older than 50 years, male, rural residents, and those with a lower level of education (66.8%), and with a lower income (66.4%). High non HDL-c was the most common abnormality (75.3%). The values of total cholesterol and non-HDL-cholesterol were higher in areas with the lowest health needs index than in the areas with intermediate and highest health need index, the isolated HDL-c value was much lower. Conclusion Colombia has a high prevalence of abnormalities of the lipid profile. The causes of the high rates of dyslipidemia were not well define in this study, but were more common in rural and poorer regions and among those with lower socio-economical status. Strategies to tackle the adverse lipid profile to reduce CVD are needed in Colombia, particularly in rural areas and among the areas with the higher health need index.