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Variations in the financial impact of the COVID-19 pandemic across 5 continents: A cross-sectional, individual level analysis

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dc.contributor.authorKhetan, Aditya K.
dc.contributor.authorYusuf, Salim
dc.contributor.authorLopez-Jaramillo, Patricio
dc.contributor.authorSzuba, Andrzej
dc.contributor.authorOrlandini, Andres
dc.contributor.authorMat-Nasir, Nafiza
dc.contributor.authorOguz, Aytekin
dc.contributor.authorGupta, Rajeev
dc.contributor.authorAvezum, Álvaro
dc.contributor.authorRosnah, Ismail
dc.contributor.authorPoirier, Paul
dc.contributor.authorTeo, Koon K.
dc.contributor.authorWielgosz, Andreas
dc.contributor.authorLear, Scott A.
dc.contributor.authorPalileo-Villanueva, Lia M.
dc.contributor.authorSerón, Pamela
dc.contributor.authorChifamba, Jephat
dc.contributor.authorRangarajan, Sumathy
dc.contributor.authorMushtaha, Maha
dc.contributor.authorMohan, Deepa
dc.contributor.authorYeates, Karen
dc.contributor.authorMcKee, Martin
dc.contributor.authorMony, Prem K.
dc.contributor.authorWalli-Attaei, Marjan
dc.contributor.authorKhansaheb, Hamda
dc.contributor.authorRosengren, Annika
dc.contributor.authorAlhabib, Khalid F.
dc.contributor.authorKruger, Iolanthé M.
dc.contributor.authorPaucar, María-José
dc.contributor.authorMirrakhimov, Erkin
dc.contributor.authorAssembekov, Batyrbek
dc.contributor.authorLeong, Darryl P.
dc.contributor.researchgroupMasiraspa
dc.date.accessioned2022-08-18T18:42:09Z
dc.date.available2022-08-18T18:42:09Z
dc.date.issued2022-02-05
dc.descriptionDigitalspa
dc.description.abstractBackground COVID-19 has caused profound socio-economic changes worldwide. However, internationally comparative data regarding the financial impact on individuals is sparse. Therefore, we conducted a survey of the financial impact of the pandemic on individuals, using an international cohort that has been well-characterized prior to the pandemic. Methods Between August 2020 and September 2021, we surveyed 24,506 community-dwelling participants from the Prospective Urban-Rural Epidemiology (PURE) study across high (HIC), upper middle (UMIC)-and lower middle (LMIC)-income countries. We collected information regarding the impact of the pandemic on their self-reported personal finances and sources of income. Findings Overall, 32.4% of participants had suffered an adverse financial impact, defined as job loss, inability to meet financial obligations or essential needs, or using savings to meet financial obligations. 8.4% of participants had lost a job (temporarily or permanently); 14.6% of participants were unable to meet financial obligations or essential needs at the time of the survey and 16.3% were using their savings to meet financial obligations. Participants with a post-secondary education were least likely to be adversely impacted (19.6%), compared with 33.4% of those with secondary education and 33.5% of those with pre-secondary education. Similarly, those in the highest wealth tertile were least likely to be financially impacted (26.7%), compared with 32.5% in the middle tertile and 30.4% in the bottom tertile participants. Compared with HICs, financial impact was greater in UMIC [odds ratio of 2.09 (1.88 −2.33)] and greatest in LMIC [odds ratio of 16.88 (14.69−19.39)]. HIC participants with the lowest educational attainment suffered less financial impact (15.1% of participants affected) than those with the highest education in UMIC (22.0% of participants affected). Similarly, participants with the lowest education in UMIC experienced less financial impact (28.3%) than those with the highest education in LMIC (45.9%). A similar gradient was seen across country income categories when compared by pre-pandemic wealth status. Interpretation The financial impact of the pandemic differs more between HIC, UMIC, and LMIC than between socio-economic categories within a country income level. The most disadvantaged socio-economic subgroups in HIC had a lower financial impact from the pandemic than the most advantaged subgroup in UMIC, with a similar disparity seen between UMIC and LMIC. Continued high levels of infection will exacerbate financial inequity between countries and hinder progress towards the sustainable development goals, emphasising the importance of effective measures to control COVID-19 and, especially, ensuring high vaccine coverage in all countries. Funding Funding for this study was provided by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research and the International Development Research Centre.eng
dc.description.researchareaCiencias Médicas y de la Saludspa
dc.format.extent10 pspa
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfspa
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101284
dc.identifier.eissn2589-5370spa
dc.identifier.issn2589-5370spa
dc.identifier.urihttps://repositorio.udes.edu.co/handle/001/7437
dc.language.isoengspa
dc.publisher.placeUSAspa
dc.relation.citationendpage10spa
dc.relation.citationstartpage1spa
dc.relation.citationvolume44spa
dc.relation.citesAditya K Khetan, Salim Yusuf, Patricio Lopez-Jaramillo, Andrzej Szuba, Andres Orlandini, Nafiza Mat-Nasir, Aytekin Oguz, Rajeev Gupta, Álvaro Avezum, Ismail Rosnah, Paul Poirier, Koon K Teo, Andreas Wielgosz, Scott A. Lear, Lia M. Palileo-Villanueva, Pamela Serón, Jephat Chifamba, Sumathy Rangarajan, Maha Mushtaha, Deepa Mohan, Karen Yeates, Martin McKee, Prem K Mony, Marjan Walli-Attaei, Hamda Khansaheb, Annika Rosengren, Khalid F Alhabib, Iolanthé M Kruger, María-José Paucar, Erkin Mirrakhimov, Batyrbek Assembekov, Darryl P Leong, Variations in the financial impact of the COVID-19 pandemic across 5 continents: A cross-sectional, individual level analysis, eClinicalMedicine, Volume 44, 2022, 101284, ISSN 2589-5370, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101284.
dc.relation.indexedScopusspa
dc.relation.ispartofjournaleClinicalMedicinespa
dc.rights© 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.spa
dc.rights.accessrightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessspa
dc.rights.creativecommonsAtribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)spa
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/spa
dc.sourcehttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589537022000141?via%3Dihub#!spa
dc.titleVariations in the financial impact of the COVID-19 pandemic across 5 continents: A cross-sectional, individual level analysisspa
dc.typeArtículo de revistaspa
dc.type.coarhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501spa
dc.type.contentTextspa
dc.type.driverinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlespa
dc.type.redcolhttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ARTspa
dc.type.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionspa
dcterms.audienceTodas las Audienciasspa
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.accessrightshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2spa
oaire.versionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85spa
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