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Hongos Endófitos de Lima Tahití (citrus citrus x latifolia) y su Utilidad en el Biocontrol de Colletotrichum acutatum Causante de Antracnosis

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dc.contributor.advisorGuerra Sierra, Beatriz Elena
dc.contributor.authorMuñoz Guerrero, Jaider
dc.date.accessioned2021-09-10T16:19:08Z
dc.date.available2021-09-10T16:19:08Z
dc.date.issued2021-09-06
dc.descriptionDigitalspa
dc.description.abstractColletotrichum acutatum es uno de los agentes causales de la antracnosis que se caracteriza por lesiones en hojas y sobre todo en flores y frutos, de varios cultivos como los cítricos. El patógeno normalmente ataca a las flores, provocando graves lesiones. En condiciones muy favorables, puede afectar los botones florales y los frutos pequeños, provocando una pudrición completa y una caída prematura, lo que resulta en importantes pérdidas económicas en las cosechas. Los objetivos de este trabajo fueron: 1) identificar la diversidad de hongos endófitos en muestras vegetales de lima Tahití; 2) evaluar la capacidad antagonista de estos hongos frente al fitopatógeno Colletotrichum acutatum C-100 en pruebas duales; 3) evaluar la capacidad de diferentes especies de hongos endofíticos para controlar flores con antracnosis inducida y 4) identificar molecularmente las cepas fúngicas con mayor actividad inhibitoria para Colletotrichum acutatum. Se obtuvieron 138 aislados fúngicos a partir de 486 fragmentos de ramas, hojas y frutos; de las cuales se identificaron 15 morfoespecies. Se encontró una mayor frecuencia de morfoespecies en ramas y hojas, con un nivel de diversidad comparable con lo reportado en otras especies de cítricos. De las 15 morfoespecies, 5 se probaron contra Colletotrichum acutatum en pruebas de antagonismo, lo que resultó en un hallazgo de inhibición positiva. Solo 2 hongos endofíticos de las pruebas de antagonismo demostraron una alta inhibición del fitopatógeno, por lo que se utilizaron en pruebas in vivo con flores de lima Tahití, aplicadas en una solución de esporas. Estos hongos fueron identificados molecularmente como Xylaria adscendens y Trichoderma atroviride, los cuales redujeron considerablemente las lesiones provocadas por el fitopatógeno en estas pruebas in vivo. El hallazgo de que los endófitos reaccionaran de manera antagónica contra Colletotrichum acutatum, demuestra su capacidad y utilidad como biocontroladores de antracnosis, convirtiéndolos en especies promisorias para futuras investigaciones en campo y desarrollo biotecnológico, apuntando a una agroindustria que requiere sostenibilidad ambiental.spa
dc.description.abstractColletotrichum acutatum is one of the causative agents of anthracnose characterized by lesions on leaves and especially on flowers and fruits, of various crops such as citrus. The pathogen normally attacks flowers, causing serious injury. Under very favorable conditions, it can affect flower buds and small fruits, causing complete rot and premature fall, resulting in significant economic losses in crops. The objectives of this work were: 1) to identify the diversity of endophytic fungi in Tahiti lime plant samples; 2) evaluate the antagonistic capacity of these fungi against the phytopathogen Colletotrichum acutatum C-100 in dual tests; 3) evaluate the capacity of different species of endophytic fungi to control flowers with induced anthracnose and 4) molecularly identify the fungal strains with the highest inhibitory activity for Colletotrichum acutatum. 138 fungal isolates were obtained from 486 fragments of branches, leaves and fruits; of which 15 morphospecies were identified. A higher frequency of morphospecies was found in branches and leaves, with a level of diversity comparable to that reported in other citrus species. Of the 15 morphospecies, 5 were tested against Colletotrichum acutatum in antagonism tests, resulting in a positive inhibition finding. Only 2 endophytic fungi from the antagonism tests demonstrated high inhibition of the phytopathogen, which is why they were used in in vivo tests with Tahiti lime flowers, applied in a spore solution. These fungi were molecularly identified as Xylaria adscendens and Trichoderma atroviride, which considerably reduced the lesions caused by the phytopathogen in these in vivo tests. The finding that endophytes reacted in an antagonistic way against Colletotrichum acutatum, demonstrates their capacity and usefulness as anthracnose biocontrollers, making them promising species for future field research and biotechnological development, pointing to an agribusiness that requires environmental sustainability.eng
dc.description.degreelevelMaestríaspa
dc.description.degreenameMagister en Biotecnologíaspa
dc.description.edition1 ed.spa
dc.description.tableofcontents1. Introducción 14 2.Objetivos 17 2.1.General 17 2.2.Específicos 17 3.Marco Teórico 18 3.1.Generalidades de los Citricultivos 18 3.3.Agricultura sostenible y control biológico en cítricos 25 3.6.Control biológico contra especies de Colletotrichum usando hongos endófitos 36 4.Metodología 41 4.1.Área de estudio y colección de muestras vegetales 41 4.2.Aislamiento de hongos endófitos 42 4.3.Frecuencia de colonización y frecuencia relativa de aislamiento 43 4.5.Análisis de diversidad 44 4.7.Ensayos in vivo en flores de lima Tahití y estimación de severidad 46 4.8.Aislamiento de ADN de hongos e identificación molecular 50 5.Resultados y discusión 52 5.1.Aislamiento de hongos endófitos y frecuencia de colonización 52 5.2.Caracterización morfológica 53 5.3.Análisis de diversidad 58 5.5.Ensayos in vivo: inhibición de antracnosis en flores de lima Tahití 66 5.6.Identificación molecular de hongos endofíticos antagonistas 72 6.Conclusiones 77 Referencias Bibliográficas 79spa
dc.format.extent99 pspa
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfspa
dc.identifier.localT 91.21 M866h
dc.identifier.urihttps://repositorio.udes.edu.co/handle/001/5610
dc.language.isospaspa
dc.publisherBucaramanga : Universidad de Santander, 2021spa
dc.publisher.facultyFacultad de Ciencias Exactas, Naturales y Agropecuariasspa
dc.publisher.placeBucaramanga, Colombiaspa
dc.publisher.programMaestría en Biotecnologíaspa
dc.rightsDerechos Reservados - Universidad de Santander, 2021spa
dc.rights.accessrightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessspa
dc.rights.creativecommonsAtribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)spa
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/spa
dc.subject.proposalCítricosspa
dc.subject.proposalFúngicospa
dc.subject.proposalFitopatógenospa
dc.subject.proposalAntagonismospa
dc.subject.proposalBioactividadspa
dc.subject.proposalCitruseng
dc.subject.proposalFungaleng
dc.subject.proposalPhytopathogeniceng
dc.subject.proposalAntagonismeng
dc.subject.proposalBioactivityeng
dc.titleHongos Endófitos de Lima Tahití (citrus citrus x latifolia) y su Utilidad en el Biocontrol de Colletotrichum acutatum Causante de Antracnosisspa
dc.typeTrabajo de grado - Maestríaspa
dc.type.coarhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdccspa
dc.type.contentTextspa
dc.type.driverinfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesisspa
dc.type.redcolhttps://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TMspa
dc.type.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersionspa
dcterms.audienceTodas las Audienciasspa
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oaire.accessrightshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2spa
oaire.versionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_71e4c1898caa6e32spa
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