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- PublicaciónAcceso abiertoProducción de Etanol por Saccharomyces Cerevisiae a partir de Glicerina, Subproducto de Biodiesel(2013-01)Como resultado del creciente mercado del biodiesel, se ha producido un aumento inevitable en la oferta de glicerina obtenida como subproducto del proceso. Con un abundante suministro barato de la glicerina sin refinar en el mercado, los investigadores buscan encontrar nuevas alternativas de uso. Por ello, en esta investigación se pretende analizar cómo la glicerina proveniente de la producción de biodiesel de aceite de palma puede ser la materia prima para la producción de químicos con un alto valor comercial por medios fermentativos y ser base para futuras biorrefinerías. A partir de la mezcla de glicerina, con diferentes sustratos por medio de un proceso de fermentación microbiana anaeróbica a partir de una cepa de Saccharomyces cerevisiae y una separación posterior, se pueden obtener diferentes productos de alto valor agregado como el etanol.
- PublicaciónAcceso abiertoAnalysis of operating costs for producing biodiesel from palm oil at pilot-scale in Colombia(2015-01) Acevedo-Páez, Juan Camilo; Hernández, Jorge A.; Valdés Rentería, Carlos Francisco; Khanal, Samir KumarThe present study aims to evaluate the operating costs of biodiesel production using palm oil in a pilot-scale plant with a capacity of 20,000 L/day (850 L/batch). The production plant uses crude palm oil as a feedstock, and methanol in a molar ratio of 1:10. The process incorporated acid esterification, basic transesterification, and dry washing with absorbent powder. Production costs considered in the analysis were feedstock, supplies, labor, electricity, quality and maintenance; amounting to $3.75/gal ($0.99/L) for 2013. Feedstocks required for biodiesel production were among the highest costs, namely 72.6% of total production cost. Process efficiency to convert fatty acids to biodiesel was over 99% and generated a profit of $1.08/gal (i.e., >22% of the total income). According to sensitivity analyses, it is more economically viable for biodiesel production processes to use crude palm oil as a feedstock and take advantage of the byproducts such as glycerine and fertilizers.
- PublicaciónAcceso abiertoEvaluación de rutas alternativas de aprovechamiento de la glicerina obtenida en la producción de biodiesel : Una revisión(2015-01) Hernández Mora, Jorge Augusto; Acevedo-Páez, Juan Camilo; Valdés Rentería, Carlos Francisco; Posso Rivera, Fausto RenéProducto del creciente mercado del biodiésel, se genera un incremento en la oferta de glicerina sin refinar, obtenida como subproducto del proceso, lo que ha motivado el estudio de su utilización. En este trabajo se aplicó un método cualitativo por puntos, considerando tres factores para clasificar las opciones de aprovechamiento de glicerina: (i) análisis DOFA (Debilidades, Oportunidades, Fortalezas, Amenazas), (ii) análisis de costos y (iii) evaluación del impacto ambiental. A cada factor se asignó una ponderación cuyo resultado permite concluir sobre la viabilidad de cada alternativa estudiada para una planta de producción de biodiésel de 20.000 l/día, que genera aproximadamente 2000 kg/día de glicerina cruda. Como resultado se obtiene un orden jerárquico de factibilidad de implementación de las alternativas en el que el uso de la glicerina cruda en la producción de fertilizantes constituye la mejor opción, ya que mejora la fertilidad del suelo con la incorporación de subproductos y residuos agroindustriales, y es una de las opciones de menor costo de implementación. El método de evaluación aplicado resulta apropiado para una estimación inicial de los diferentes usos de la glicerina cruda, aunque posteriormente requiere un análisis más detallado de la mejor opción.
- PublicaciónAcceso abiertoImplementation of safety management systems and health at work (case study in a telecommunications company)(2018) Durán-Pinzón, Jessica Marlen; Miranda, J.D.; Patiño, P.M.Colombian legislation requires all companies to develop a health and safety at work program in order to preserve, maintain and improve the individual and collective health of workers and avoid work accidents and occupational diseases. The design of a management system focused on safety and health at work that provides safety, care and education to employees must involve audit-based evaluation activities. This leads to programs that reduce work accidents and prevent occupational diseases, and that also optimize the productivity of the company. The process must involve the development of criteria for analyzing the tasks or functions of each person. It is vital to anticipate dangerous or harmful events or incidents, to identify potentially dangerous tasks, and prioritize and apply corrective action. The goal of this paper is to demonstrate a methodology based on ohsas 18001 for the implementation of a management system at a telecommunications company. In the methodological scope, sufficient and necessary information will be gathered to detect the shortcomings of the administrative and management areas that support the proposal on the alternative design. It describes the situation observed and analyse the documents that will support the proposal to carry it out in accordance with the established norms.
- PublicaciónAcceso abiertoAnalysis of the biodiesel production yield from waste frying oil(2018) Acevedo-Páez, Juan Camilo; Urbina-Suarez, N A; Acevedo, A.Z.; Becerra, L.C.; Arenas, E.This research sought to produce biodiesel from waste frying oil (WFO) from chicken grills by using chemical transesterification to evaluate quality conditions and the yield of the biodiesel obtained. For this, acid esterification and basic transesterification were applied under the following conditions: reaction temperature 60°𝐶, catalyst concentration of 1% (m/m) KOH, oil:alcohol 1: 6 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜, and two reaction times (55 𝑎𝑛𝑑 70𝑚𝑖𝑛) for the transesterification. The physicochemical properties of the raw material were analyzed (i.e., density, humidity, kinematic viscosity, fatty acid profile, acidity index, peroxides, and saponification) where the WFO showed high contents of oleic acid (42.45%) and palmitic acid (33.52%), which are fundamental for biodiesel production. Chemical transesterification under the conditions of 60°𝐶, 1% KOH, and 70𝑚𝑖𝑛 obtained the best yield by presenting a high conversion percentage (96.15%) and an acid number of 1.33𝑚𝑚𝐾𝑂𝐻/𝑔, according to ASTM D6751 and EN 14214 international standards.
- PublicaciónAcceso abiertoSimulation of the gasification process of palm kernel shell using Aspen PLUS(2018) Acevedo-Páez, Juan Camilo; Posso Rivera, Fausto René; Durán-Pinzón, Jessica Marlen; Arenas, E.This research sought to simulate gasification of palm kernel shell (PKS) in stationary state by using Aspen PLUS®. The model can predict the syngas composition with 1.6% absolute error. Biomass is defined as a non-conventional component from its proximate and ultimate analyses. The gasification process was divided into four stages: drying, pyrolysis, oxidation, and reduction, simulated in two R-Yield and R-Equil reactors, specified through the physicochemical characterization of the PKS and the chemical reactions in equilibrium intervening in the gasification. Simulation results were validated with experimental results from other investigations with similar operating conditions. Production of H2 and CO2 increases by increasing temperature from 700 to 900°𝐶, contrary to what occurs with CO that diminishes at higher temperatures. The steam/biomass (S/B) ratio has a significant effect on the proportion of H2 in the syngas, given that it diminishes significantly by 20.3% upon increasing the S/B ratio from 1.5 to 2.5, showing the same trend for the CO and CO2 gases.
- PublicaciónAcceso abiertoEvaluation of antibacterial activity in essential oils and by-products used in the artisan cosmetic industry(2018) Arámbula, Claudia-Ivonne; Diaz Castañeda, Claudia-ElizabethThe experimental study allowed us to learn about antibacterial activity in essential oils in Eucalyptus, Rosemary, Myrtle, Orange plants and their by-products used in the industry. Phase 1. Extraction of essential oils through steam distillation. Phase 2. Determination of antibacterial activity through diffusion of the agar disc. Phase 3. Determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration through macrodilution in broth. Phase 4. Product effectiveness tests. The results showed antibacterial activity in eucalyptus and rosemary oils against Escherichia coli at concentrations of 100%, 75% and 50%, whereas for S. aureus only orange and eucalyptus oils were effective at concentrations of 75% and 100%, however, eucalyptus oil was the only one with inhibition against Pseudomonas aeruginosa at 100% concentration. It is concluded that the antibacterial activity found in the EO of orange, eucalyptus, myrtle and their by-products such as myrtle gel opens the door for the development of subsequent studies in the search for its application in the cosmetic industry as a viable alternative to the treatment of skin and gastric system related conditions, given the ability to inhibit the growth of S. aureus and E. coli.
- PublicaciónAcceso abiertoPerformance, chemical composition and antibacterial activity of the essential oil of Ruta chalepensis and Origanum vulgare(Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2019-11) Arámbula, Claudia-Ivonne; Diaz, C.E.; Garcia, M.I.The antibacterial effectiveness of Origanum vulgare and Ruta chalepensis essential oils cultivated in three municipalities of Norte de Santander, Colombia, on gram positive and gram-negative bacteria was determined in vitro. The oil extraction process was carried out at zoey perfumery company by the steam dragging method from 5 kg of vegetable material, the oil yield obtained compared with the vegetable material collected was calculated using mathematical formulas and its chemical composition was determined by mass spectrometry since is an analytical technique with great potential that allows to elucidate the structure and chemical properties of molecules. For the determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration and the minimum bactericidal concentration of the extracted oils, the mother solution of 2.5 g/mL was prepared and from this solution, the different dilutions at concentrations from 1000 mg/mL up to 15.62 mg/mL were made. A suspension equal to tube 0.5 of the McFarland scale of each of the microorganisms (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853) was then prepared with sterile saline solution and inoculated in microplates with volumes of diluted solution, soy tripticasa broth and dimethyl sulfoxide, was then incubated at 37 °C for 18 hours and proceeded to inoculate in Müeller-Hinton agar to verify its minimum bactericidal concentration. The results show that the yield of Origanum vulgare essential oil was 0.8% and for Ruta chalepensis 0.1%. The chemical analysis of the oils revealed the major components of Origanum vulgare such as β-mircene 1.6%, ∝-terpinene 15.7%, 1.8-cineol 3.8%, yterpineno 2.6%, terpine-4-ol 1.1%, timol methyl ether 17.4%, timol 30.6%, carvacrol 8.1%, trans-β-caryophyllene 6.3%, ∝-humulene 1%, cariophylene oxide 3.1% and Ruta chalepensis as nonanone 37.1%, undecanone 39.4%, nonanyl acetate 2.2%, decanone 2.8%. The results obtained show that essential oil of Ruta chalepensis at concentration of 500 mg/mL stop growth of Escherichia coli and seudomonas aeruginosa and at a concentration of 1000 mg/mL stop growth of S. aureus while the essential oil of Origanum vulgare was the most effective for the inhibition of all the microorganisms evaluated, requiring a concentration of 15.62 mg/mL for Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus and for Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a concentration of 125 mg/mL was necessary. It is concluded that according to the chemical composition, materials of vegetable origin such as Ruta chalepensis and Origanum vulgare essential oils can be taken for the elaboration of products with potential in artisanal cosmetics and even in pharmaceutical products.
- PublicaciónAcceso abiertoEstimation of potential hydrogen production from palm kernel shell in Norte de Santander, Colombia(Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2019-11) Acevedo-Páez, Juan Camilo; Solano, S P; Durán-Pinzón, Jessica Marlen; Posso Rivera, Fausto René; Arenas, E.This work sought to estimate the economic and environmental potential of palm kernel shell for hydrogen production as energy vector in Norte de Santander, Colombia. A field research determined that the department generates monthly 14082 t of palm biomass of which 12501 of palm kernel shell remain available for their use. The proximate and ultimate analyses of the palm kernel shell report high heating value (19.53 MJ/kg) compared with other agro-industrial biomasses, high content of volatile material (69.82% w/w) and fixed carbon (21.68% w/w), promoters of chemical reactions in pyrolysis and gasification processes, respectively. In the Aspen Plus® simulation process of the palm kernel shell gasification at 900 °C and steam/biomass ratio of 1.5, a yield is obtained of hydrogen production of 40.7%, equivalent to a monthly production in Norte de Santander of 51.6 t. Using H2 in the generation of electric power permits producing 470.9 MWh/month that represent theoretical utilities of US$27734.5. In another scenario, 55848.8 gal/month of gasoline are substituted, equivalent to US$11708.6 through the sale of carbon credits. Regarding diesel, 45905.1 gal are replaced per month, which add US$9725.4 through the commercial transaction in the carbon market. It is concluded that using palm kernel shell as primary source to obtain H2, has, in principle, a favorable economic and environmental impact for sustainable development of the department of Norte de Santander, besides contributing to the knowledge base on the penetration of this vector in Colombia's energy matrix; however, more detailed technical and economic studies are needed to conclude regarding the economic viability of this energy conversion process.
- PublicaciónAcceso abiertoHydrogen production from palm kernel shell(ELSEVIER, 2019-11-19) Acevedo-Páez, Juan Camilo; Durán-Pinzón, Jessica Marlen; Posso Rivera, Fausto René; Arenas, Erika; EurekaThe hydrogen production process from palm kernel shell (PKS) is modeled and simulated by a steady-state gasification system using Aspen PLUS®. The kinetic parameters of the gasification are determined by employing thermogravimetric analysis (TG/DTG) using two gasifying agents (CO2 and steam) and applying three semi-empirical kinetic models to interpret the experimental results (linear model, grain model, and volumetric model). The process was subjected to different temperatures (750–950 °C) and different compositions of the steam/biomass ratio (S/B) (0–2.5). It is obtained that the linear model and the grain model have the best R2 with the gasification results of the PKS with steam (0.966) and CO2 (0.965), respectively. The steam reaction kinetic parameters obtained were and and for the reaction with CO2, they were and. The production yield of H2 (109 g H2/PKS kg) is reached at the highest temperature (950 °C) and the lowest S/B ratio (0). It is concluded that the model can predict with greater precision the hydrogen composition in the syngas, with a 0.135 mean square error, compared to other authors that present a 0.282 mean square error.
- PublicaciónAcceso abiertoPhysicochemical study of used frying oil as feedstock for the production of biodiesel(Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2019-11-29) Acevedo-Páez, Juan Camilo; Urbina-Suarez, N A; Acevedo, A Z.; Becerra, L.C.Abstract A diagnosis was made of the availability and quality of the used frying oil of the establishments dedicated to chicken fry in the city of San José de Cúcuta, to evaluate its technical feasibility as a feedstock in the biodiesel production. A survey was applied to 21 restaurants, evidencing that they reuse the oil less times when having a high monthly consumption (i.e. more than 80 liters, contrary to those consuming less than 60 liters, which reuse the oil more than 3 times. As a final disposition, 86% of establishments sell the used frying oil at $750/liter and 14% deliver it to be used by external persons. The physicochemical properties of used frying oil were analyzed as: fatty acid profile, density, moisture content, refractive index, acidity index, peroxide index and saponification index. The used frying oil presented high content of oleic acid (42.45%) and palmitic acid (33.52%), converting it into a potential feedstock by presenting fatty acids characteristics from palm oil, which is the main source for the production of biodiesel in Colombia. To improve the organoleptic characteristics of the used frying oil (dark colour, strong odour, emulsions), it was subjected to heating and filtering to remove the particles that affect the yield of biodiesel production.
- PublicaciónAcceso abiertoEnzymatic transesterification ofwaste frying oil from local restaurants in east colombia using a combined lipase system(MDPI, 2020-05-21) Ferreira-Vela, Mary Angélica; Acevedo-Páez, Juan Camilo; Urbina-Suarez, N A; Rangel-Basto, Yeily Adriana; González-Delgado, Ángel Darío; EurekaThe search for innovation and biotechnological strategies in the biodiesel production chain have become a topic of interest for scientific community owing the importance of renewable energy sources. This work aimed to implement an enzymatic transesterification process to obtain biodiesel from waste frying oil (WFO). The transesterification was performed by varying reaction times (8 h, 12 h and 16 h), enzyme concentrations of lipase XX 25 split (14%, 16% and 18%), pH of reaction media (6, 7 and 8) and reaction temperature (35, 38 and 40 °C) with a fixed alcohol–oil molar ratio of 3:1. The optimum operating conditions were selected to quantify the amount of fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) generated. The highest biodiesel production was reached with an enzyme concentration of 14%, reaction time of 8 h, pH of 7 and temperature of 38 °C. It was estimated a FAMEs production of 42.86% for the selected experiment; however, best physicochemical characteristics of biodiesel were achieved with an enzyme concentration of 16% and reaction time of 8 h. Results suggested that enzymatic transesterification process was favorable because the amount of methyl esters obtained was similar to the content of fatty acids in the WFO.
- PublicaciónAcceso abiertoEffect of a regenerator on hybrid solar gas turbine performance in Barranquilla, Colombia(2021) Moreno-Gamboa, F.; Acevedo-Páez, Juan Camilo; Sanin-Villa, D.; EurekaA thermodynamic analysis of a hybrid gas turbine solar plant, represented in three basic subsystems related to the power cycle, the combustion chamber subsystem, and the solar concentrator subsystem, allows evaluating the performance of a hybrid cycle from a reduced number of parameters, which include energy losses in each of its components. The solar radiation values are estimated with an evaluated and validated theoretical model, the combustion chamber uses natural gas as fuel and the numerical values of the system are taken from the Solugas experimental plant in Spain. This work presents an integrated model that allows to estimate the operation of a hybrid solar Brayton power plant in any place and day of the year. The evaluation of the plant in Barranquilla, Colombia is shown from the influence of the regenerator has on the plant performance and solar concentrating system. The results show that the regenerator can increase the overall efficiency of the plant by 29% and allows reaching a maximum temperature of the central receiver of the concentrator of 1044 K at noon, when solar radiation is maximum.
- PublicaciónAcceso abiertoThermodynamics performance optimization of a hybrid solar gas turbine power plant in Colombia(2022-01-05) Moreno-Gamboa, F.; Acevedo-Paez, Juan Camilo; Sanin-Villa, D.. A thermodynamic model is presented for evaluation of a solar hybrid gas-turbine power plant. The model uses variable ambient temperature and estimates direct solar radiation at different day times. The plant is evaluated in Barranquilla, Colombia, with a solar concentration system and a combustion chamber that burns natural gas. The hybrid system enables to maintain almost constant the power output throughout day. The model allows optimizing the different plant parameters and evaluating maximum performance point. This work presents pressure ratio ranges where the maximum values of overall efficiency, power output, thermal engine efficiency and fuel conversion rate are found. The study is based on the environmental conditions of Barranquilla, Colombia. The results obtained shows that optimum pressure ratio range for power output and overall efficiency is between 6.4 and 8.3, when direct solar radiation its maximum at noon. This thermodynamic analysis is necessary to design new generations of solar thermal power plants.
- PublicaciónAcceso abiertoEvaluating the performance of a cellular manufacturing system proposal for the sewing department of a sportswear manufacturing company: A simulation approach(2022-03-02) Caceres-Gelvez, Sebastian; Arango-Serna, Martín Darío; Zapata-Cortés, Julián Andrés; EUREKACellular manufacturing systems (CMS) are a major application of group technology, that brings benefits related to the reduction of wastes, also known as ‘mudas’ in lean manufacturing philosophy, to organisations striving to compete on today’s markets. These benefits include the reduction of machine setup times, material handling and work-in-process inventory, among others. However, many organisations are reluctant to implement such decisions in their production systems, due to the uncertainty and economic and productive impact that these involve. For this reason, a simulation study is performed in this paper to evaluate the performance of a cellular manufacturing system approach for the sewing department of a sportswear manufacturing company. The simulation study was designed, and the results of the proposed model showed improvements of 51,46% in the average flow time, 1102,52% in the average throughput, and 50,65% in the average setup times of machines, compared to the current state of the case study.