AGBEA. Artículos de Investigación

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  • Publicación
    Acceso abierto
    Determinación del potencial productivo y nutricional de un frijol biofortificado mesoamericano en el cesar, Colombia
    (2012-01) Tofiño Rivera, Adriana Patricia; Tofiño, Rodrigo; Jiménez Rios, Hedilka
    Se caracterizó agronómica y nutricionalmente frijoles biofortificados; se evaluó el SMN18 sensorialmente y el efecto de la ingesta en niños de 7-11 años en Valledupar. El objetivo fue identificar el impacto de la inclusión del frÌjol biofortificado en el menú de un comedor escolar, encontrandose que los biofortificados presentaron rendimiento, sanidad, contenido nutricional y diferencias sensoriales superiores con respecto al testigo. Además, su ingesta mejoró el nivel de hemoglobina, transferrina e Ìndice de masa corporal.
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    The impact of the FIFA 11+ training program on injury prevention in football players : A systematic review
    (2014-10-19) Barengo, Noël C.; Meneses Echávez, José Francisco; Ramírez Vélez, Robinson; Cohen, Daniel Dylan; Tovar, Gustavo; Correa Bautista, Jorge Enrique
    The FIFA 11+ is a simple, and easy to implement, sports injury prevention program comprising a warm up of 10 conditioning exercises. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the impact of the FIFA 11+ on injury incidence, compliance and cost effectiveness when implemented among football players. MEDLINE, EMBASE and Scopus databases were searched using the search terms “FIFA 11+”, “football”, “soccer”, “injury prevention”, and “The 11”. The titles and abstracts were screened by two independent reviewers and the data were filtered by one reviewer using a standardized extraction form and thereafter checked by another one. The risk of bias and the methodological quality of the studies were evaluated through the PEDro score and Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP). A total of 911 studies were identified, of which 12 met the inclusion criteria of the review. The FIFA 11+ has demonstrated how a simpleexercise program completed as part of warm-up can decrease the incidence of injuries in amateur footba players. In general, considerable reductions in the number of injured players, ranging between 30% and 70%, have been observed among the teams that implemented the FIFA 11+. In addition, players with high compliance to the FIFA 11+ program had an estimated risk reduction of all injuries by 35% and show significant improvements in components of neuromuscular and motor performance when participating in structured warm-up sessions at least 1.5 times/week. Most studies had high methodological quality and a low risk of bias. Given the large number of people who play football at amateur level and the detrimental impact of sports injuries on a personal and societal level, the FIFA 11+ can be considered as a fundamental tool to minimize the risks of participation in a sport with substantial health benefits.
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    Acceso abierto
    Anthropometric characteristics and physical performance of Colombian elite male wrestlers
    (2014-10-31) Ramírez Vélez, Robinson; Argothyd, Rodrigo; Meneses Echávez, José Francisco; Sánchez Puccini, Maria Beatriz; López Alban, Carlos Alejandro; Cohen, Daniel Dylan
    Background: Wrestling was an important part of the ancient Olympic Games and is still one of the most popular events of the modern Olympic Games. Studies indicate that general physiologic profile of successful wrestlers is high anaerobic power and capacity, muscular strength, above average aerobic power, exceptional flexibility, fat free mass, and a mesomorphic somatotype. Objectives: The objective of the present study was to evaluate anthropometric characteristics and physical performance of elite male wrestlers. Patients and Methods: The Colombian Wrestling Team was evaluated while in preparation for the Olympic Games (n = 21; age, 27.9 ± 6.7 years). Athletes were tested on anthropometric and fitness parameters: body composition, somatotype distribution according to Heath-Carter, aerobic capacity, vertical jump, and anaerobic power. Results: The evaluations showed a mean body fat percentage of 13.6% ± 3.0% (95% CI, 12.2%-15%), muscle mass of 46.4% ± 2.2% (95% CI, 45.4%-47.4%), Ponderal index of 41.0 ± 1.8 (95% CI, 40.2-41.8), body adiposity index (BAI) 25.1 ± 3.6 (95% CI, 23.5-26.8), and somatotype distribution mesomorphic-ectomorph (5.3-1.6-3.8). Mean aerobic capacity was 45.9 ± 6.6 mL/kg/min (95% CI, 42.8-48.9), vertical jump was 36.4 ± 6.6 cm (95% CI, 11.8-16.6), and anaerobic power was 92.6 ± 19.5 kg/s (95% CI, 83.7-101.5). Conclusions: These results provided a profile of elite wrestlers that could be used as training targets for developing athletes. The results may also provide information for training and tactical planning.
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    Acceso abierto
    Fitness Testing for Children : Let’s Mount the Zebra!
    (2015) Cohen, Daniel Dylan; Voss, Christine; Sandercock, Gavin R.H.
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    The Link between Fetal Programming, Inflammation, Muscular Strength, and Blood Pressure
    (2015) López López, Jose; Lopez-Jaramillo, Patricio; Camacho López, Paul Anthony; Gómez Arbeláez, Diego; Cohen, Daniel Dylan
    Hypertension affects one billion individuals worldwide and is considered the leading cause of cardiovascular death, stroke, and myocardial infarction. This increase in the burden of hypertension and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) is principally driven by lifestyle changes such as increased hypercaloric diets and reduced physical activity producing an increase of obesity, insulin resistance, and low-grade inflammation. Visceral adipocytes are the principal source of proinflammatory cytokines and systemic inflammation participates in several steps in the development of CVD. However, maternal and infant malnutrition also persists as a major public health issue in low- to middle-income regions such as Latin America (LA). We propose that the increased rates of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases in these countries could be the result of the discrepancy between a restricted nutritional environment during fetal development and early life, and a nutritionally abundant environment during adulthood. Maternal undernutrition, which may manifest in lower birth weight offspring, appears to accentuate the relative risk of chronic disease at lower levels of adiposity. Therefore, LA populations may be more vulnerable to the pathogenic consequences of obesity than individuals with similar lifestyles in high-income countries, which may be mediated by higher levels of proinflammatory markers and lower levels of muscle mass and strength observed in low birth weight individuals.
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    Six weeks of core stability training improves landing kinetics among female capoeira athletes : A pilot study
    (2015-04-07) Araujo, Simone; Cohen, Daniel Dylan; Hayes, Lawrence
    Core stability training (CST) has increased in popularity among athletes and the general fitness population despite limited evidence CST programmes alone lead to improved athletic performance. In female athletes, neuromuscular training combining balance training and trunk and hip/pelvis dominant CST is suggested to reduce injury risk, and specifically peak vertical ground reaction forces (vGRF) in a drop jump landing task. However, the isolated effect of trunk dominant core stability training on vGRF during landing in female athletes had not been evaluated. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate landing kinetics during a drop jump test following a CST intervention in female capoeira athletes. After giving their informed written consent, sixteen female capoeira athletes (mean ± SD age, stature, and body mass of 27.3 ± 3.7 years, 165.0 ± 4.0 cm, and 59.7 ± 6.3 kg, respectively) volunteered to participate in the training program which consisted of static and dynamic CST sessions, three times per week for six weeks. The repeated measures T-test revealed participants significantly reduced relative vGRF from pre- to post-intervention for the first (3.40 ± 0.78 vs. 2.85 ± 0.52 N·NBW-1, respectively [p<0.05, effect size = 0.60]), and second landing phase (5.09 ± 1.17 vs. 3.02 ± 0.41 N·NBW-1, respectively [p<0.001, effect size = 0.87]). The average loading rate was reduced from pre- to post-intervention during the second landing phase (30.96 ± 18.84 vs. 12.06 ± 9.83 N·NBW·s-1, respectively [p<0.01, effect size = 0.68]). The peak loading rate was reduced from pre- to postintervention during the first (220.26 ± 111.51 vs. 120.27 ± 64.57 N· NBW·s-1 respectively [p<0.01, effect size = 0.64]), and second (99.52 ± 54.98 vs. 44.71 ± 30.34 N· NBW·s-1 respectively [p<0.01, effect size = 0.70]) landing phase. Body weight, average loading rate during the first landing phase, and jump height were not significantly different between week 0 and week 6 (p=0.528, p=0.261, and p=0.877, respectively). This study provides evidence that trunk dominant core stability training improves landing kinetics without improving jump height, and may reduce lower extremity injury risk in female athletes.
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    Acceso abierto
    Neuromuscular performance deficits in low birthweight children : A target for physical activity interventions?
    (2015-05) Cohen, Daniel Dylan
    This commentary is on the original article by Moura-dos-Santos et al. on pages 470–475 of this issue.
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    Reliability and validity of tests to assess lower-body muscular power in children
    (2015-08) Fernandez Santos, Jorge R.; Cohen, Daniel Dylan; Ruiz, Jonatan R.; Gonzalez Montesinos, Jose L.; Castro Piñero, Jose
    Fernandez-Santos, JR, Ruiz, JR, Cohen, DD, GonzalezMontesinos, JL, and Castro-Pin˜ero, J. Reliability and validity of tests to assess lower body muscular power in children. J Strength Cond Res 29(8): 2277–2285, 2015—The purpose of this study was to analyze the reliability and the criterionrelated validity of several lower-body muscular power tests (i.e., standing long jump [SLJ], squat jump, countermovement jump, and Abalakov jump) in children aged 6–12 years. Three hundred sixty three healthy children (168 girls) agreed to participate in this study. All the lower-body muscular power tests were performed twice (7 days apart), whereas the 1 repetition maximum (1RM) leg extension test was performed 2 days after the first session of testing. All the tests showed a high reliability (intertrial difference close to 0 and no significant differences between trials, all p . 0.05). The association between the lower-body muscular power tests and 1RM leg extension test was high (all p , 0.001). The SLJ and the Abalakov jump tests showed the highest association with 1RM leg extension test (R2 = 0.700, test result, weight, height, sex, and age were added in the model). The SLJ test can be a useful tool to assess lower-body muscular power in children when laboratory methods are not feasible because it is practical, time efficient, and low in cost and equipment requirements.
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    Acceso abierto
    Peridomestic Infection as a Determining Factor of Dengue Transmission
    (2015-12-15) Martínez Vega, Ruth Aralí; Danis Lozano, Rogelio; Díaz Quijano, Fredi Alexander; Velasco Hernández, Jorge; Santos Luna, René; Román Pérez, Susana; Kuri Morales, Pablo Antonio; Ramos Castañeda, José
    Background The study of endemic dengue transmission is essential for proposing alternatives to impact its burden. The traditional paradigm establishes that transmission starts around cases, but there are few studies that determine the risk. Methods To assess the association between the peridomestic dengue infection and the exposure to a dengue index case (IC), a cohort was carried out in two Mexican endemic communities. People cohabitating with IC or living within a 50-meter radius (exposed cohort) and subjects of areas with no ICs in a 200-meter radius (unexposed cohort) were included. Results Exposure was associated with DENV infection in cohabitants (PRa 3.55; 95%CI 2.37–5.31) or neighbors (PRa 1.82; 95%CI 1.29–2.58). Age, location, toilets with no direct water discharge, families with children younger than 5 and the House Index, were associated with infection. Families with older than 13 were associated with a decreased frequency. After a month since the IC fever onset, the infection incidence was not influenced by exposure to an IC or vector density; it was influenced by the local seasonal behavior of dengue and the age. Additionally, we found asymptomatic infections accounted for 60% and a greater age was a protective factor for the presence of symptoms (RR 0.98; 95%CI 0.97–0.99). Conclusion The evidence suggests that dengue endemic transmission in these locations is initially peridomestic, around an infected subject who may be asymptomatic due to demographic structure and endemicity, and it is influenced by other characteristics of the individual, the neighborhood and the location. Once the transmission chain has been established, dengue spreads in the community probably by the adults who, despite being the group with lower infection frequency, mostly suffer asymptomatic infections and have higher mobility. This scenario complicates the opportunity and the effectiveness of control programs and highlights the need to apply multiple measures for dengue control.
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    Acceso abierto
    La semántica del deseo : Lenguaje e interpretación
    (2016-01) Becerra Fuquen, Héctor Fabián
    A origem do presente trabalho surge a partir da articulação que deixa no jogo o lugar da linguagem e a interpretação no psicanalise, questionamento que é esclarecido neste artigo por meio da compreensão do que Paul Ricoeur denomina como a “semântica do desejo”. Questionar a linguagem e a interpretação no Ricoeur e Freud, permite se adentrar na estrutura semântica que indica o desejo. Mostra também o lugar privilegiado que a palavra ocupa no psicanalise assim como sua articulação com aquilo que constitui a particularidade do sujeito do inconsciente; questão muito complexa a qual tem gerado múltiplas discussões entre várias áreas do conhecimento, ainda mais se para aquilo adiciona-se as alcances que a interpretação pode lograr com relação às palavras que aparecem desvelando um conteúdo oculto e que é próprio de cada sujeito.
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    Is myopia another clinical manifestation of insulin resistance?
    (2016-02) Galvis, Virgilio; Lopez-Jaramillo, Patricio; Tello, Alejandro; Castellanos Castellanos, Yuly Andrea; Camacho López, Paul Anthony; Cohen, Daniel Dylan; Gómez Arbeláez, Diego; Merayo Lloves, Jesús
    Myopia is a multifactorial visual refraction disease, in which the light rays from distant objects are focused in front of retina, causing blurry vision. Myopic eyes are characterized by an increased corneal curvature and/or ocular axial length. The prevalence of myopia has increased in recent decades, a trend that cannot be attributed exclusively to genetic factors. Low and middle income countries have a higher burden of refractive error, which we propose could be a consequence of a shorter exposure time to a westernized lifestyle, a phenomenon that may also explain the rapid increase in cardiometabolic diseases, such as diabetes, among those populations. We suggest that interactions between genetic, epigenetic and a rapidly changing environment are also involved in myopia onset and progression. Furthermore, we discuss several possible mechanisms by which insulin resistance may promote abnormal ocular growth and myopia to support the hypothesis that insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia are involved in its pathogenesis, providing a link between trends in myopia and those of cardiometabolic diseases. There is evidence that insulin have direct ocular growth promoting effects as well an indirect effect via the induction of insulin-like growth factors leading to decreases insulin-like growth factor-binding protein, also implicated in ocular growth.
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    Influence of football match time–motion parameters on recovery time course of muscle damage and jump ability
    (2016-03-01) De Hoyo, Moisés; Cohen, Daniel Dylan; Sañudo, Borja; Carrasco, Luis; Álvarez Mesa, Alejandro; Del Ojo, Juan José; Domínguez Cobo, Sergio; Mañas, Víctor; Otero Esquina, Carlos
    We analysed the time course of recovery of creatine kinase (CK) and countermovement jump (CMJ) parameters after a football match, and correlations between changes in these variables and match time–motion parameters (GPS-accelerometry) in 15 U-19 elite male players. Plasma CK and CMJ height (CMJH), average concentric force (CMJCON) and average eccentric force (CMJECC) were assessed 2 h before and 30 min, 24 h and 48 h post-match. There were substantially higher CK levels 30 min, 24 h and 48 h (ES: 0.43, 0.62, 0.40, respectively), post-match. CMJECC (ES: −0.38), CMJH (ES: −0.35) decreased 30 min post, CMJCON (ES: −0.35), CMJECC (ES: −0.35) and CMJH (ES: −1.35) decreased 24 h post, and CMJCON (ES: −0.41) and CMJH (ES: −0.53) decreased 48 h post. We found correlations between distance covered at velocities ≤21 km · h−1 and changes in CK at 24 h (r = 0.56) and at 48 h (r = 0.54) and correlations between CK and distance covered >14 km · h−1 (r = 0.50), accelerations (r = 0.48), and decelerations (r = 0.58) at 48 h. Changes in CMJCON 30 min and 24 h post (both r = −0.68) correlated with impacts >7.1·G. Decelerations >2 m · s−2 correlated with changes CMJCON (r = −0.49) at 48 h and CMJECC (r = −0.47) at 30 min. Our results suggest that match GPS-accelerometry parameters may predict muscle damage and changes in components of neuromuscular performance immediately and 24–48 h post-match.
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    Acceso abierto
    Neck circumference as a predictor of metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance and low-grade systemic inflammation in children : The ACFIES study
    (2016-03-08) Gómez Arbeláez, Diego; Camacho López, Paul Anthony; Cohen, Daniel Dylan; Saavedra Cortes, Sandra; López López, Cristina; Lopez-Jaramillo, Patricio
    Background: The current study aims to evaluate the association between neck circumference (NC) and several cardio-metabolic risk factors, to compare it with well-established anthropometric indices, and to determine the cut-off point value of NC for predicting children at increased risk of metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance and low-grade systemic inflammation. Methods: A total of 669 school children, aged 8–14, were recruited. Demographic, clinical, anthropometric and biochemical data from all patients were collected. Correlations between cardio-metabolic risk factors and NC and other anthropometric variables were evaluated using the Spearman’s correlation coefficient. Multiple linear regression analysis was applied to further examine these associations. We then determined by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses the optimal cut-off for NC for identifying children with elevated cardio-metabolic risk. Results: NC was positively associated with fasting plasma glucose and triglycerides (p = 0.001 for all), and systolic and diastolic blood pressure, C-reactive protein, insulin and HOMA-IR (p < 0.001 for all), and negatively with HDL-C (p = 0.001). Whereas, other anthropometric indices were associated with fewer risk factors. Conclusions: NC could be used as clinically relevant and easy to implement indicator of cardio-metabolic risk in children.
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    Results from Colombia's 2016 report card on physical activity for children and youth
    (2016-07-23) González, Silvia A.; Castiblanco, Maria A.; Arias Gómez, Luis F.; Martinez Ospina, Andrea; Cohen, Daniel Dylan; Holguin, Gustavo A.; Almanza, Adriana; Camargo Lemos, Diana Marina; Correa Bautista, Jorge Enrique; Escobar, Iván D.; García, Johnattan; Gámez, Rocio; Garzón, Mauricio; Herazo Beltrán, Yaneth; Hurtado-Giraldo, Hernan; Lozano, Oscar; Páez, Diana C.; Ramírez Vélez, Robinson; Ruiz, Nubia; Tovar, Gustavo; Sarmiento, Olga L.
    Background: Physical activity (PA) is vital to the holistic development of young people. Regular participation in PA is associated with substantial benefits for health, cognitive function, and social inclusion. Recognizing the potential of PA in the context of the current peace process in Colombia, the purpose of this article is to present the methodology and results of Colombia’s second Report Card on PA for children and youth. Methods: A group of experts on PA graded 14 PA indicators based on data from national surveys and policy documents. Results: National and departmental policy indicators received a grade of B, while organized sport participation, overweight, obesity, community influence, and nongovernment initiatives indicators received a grade of C. Overall PA levels, active transportation, sedentary behaviors, and school influence received a grade of D. Active play, low physical fitness, and family influence received an Incomplete grade. Conclusion: PA levels are low and sedentary behaviors are high in Colombian children and youth, with notable geographic differences. A broad policy framework translated into specific actions could provide unique opportunities to bridge the gap between knowledge and practice, and contribute to social integration goals in a postconflict setting.
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    A prospective cohort study to assess seroprevalence, incidence, knowledge, attitudes and practices, willingness to pay for vaccine and related risk factors in dengue in a high incidence setting
    (2016-10-25) Martínez Vega, Ruth Aralí; Rodríguez Morales, Alfonso J.; Bracho Churio, Yalil Tomás; Castro Salas, Mirley Enith; Galvis Ovallos, Fredy; Díaz Quijano, Ronald Giovanny; Luna González, María Lucrecia; Castellanos, Jaime E.; Ramos Castañeda, José; Díaz Quijano, Fredi Alexander
    Background: Dengue is one of the most important vector-borne diseases in the world, causing significant morbidity and economic impact. In Colombia, dengue is a major public health problem. Departments of La Guajira, Cesar and Magdalena are dengue endemic areas. The objective of this research is to determine the seroprevalence and the incidence of dengue virus infection in the participating municipalities from these Departments, and also establish the association between individual and housing factors and vector indices with seroprevalence and incidence. We will also assess knowledge, attitudes and practices, and willingness-to-pay for dengue vaccine. Methods: A cohort study will be assembled with a clustered multistage sampling in 11 endemic municipalities. Approximately 1000 homes will be visited to enroll people older than one year who living in these areas, who will be followed for 1 year. Dengue virus infections will be evaluated using IgG indirect ELISA and IgM and IgG capture ELISA. Additionally, vector indices will be measured, and adult mosquitoes will be captured with aspirators. Ovitraps will be used for continuous estimation of vector density. Discussion: This research will generate necessary knowledge to design and implement strategies with a multidimensional approach that reduce dengue morbidity and mortality in La Guajira and other departments from Colombian Caribbean.
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    Strength and endurance training reduces the loss of eccentric hamstring torque observed after soccer specific fatigue
    (2017) Matthews, Martyn J.; Heron, Kate; Todd, Stefanie; Tomlinson, Andrew; Jones, Paul; Delextrat, Anne; Cohen, Daniel Dylan
    Objectives: To investigate the effect of two hamstring training protocols on eccentric peak torque before and after soccer specific fatigue. Participants: Twenty-two university male soccer players. Design: Isokinetic strength tests were performed at 60!/s pre and post fatigue, before and after 2 different training interventions. A 45-min soccer specific fatigue modified BEAST protocol (M-BEAST) was used to induce fatigue. Players were randomly assigned to a 4 week hamstrings conditioning intervention with either a maximum strength (STR) or a muscle endurance (END) emphasis. Main outcome measures: The following parameters were evaluated: Eccentric peak torque (EccPT), angle of peak torque (APT), and angle specific torques at knee joint angles of 10!, 20!, 30!, 40!, 50!, 60!, 70!, 80! and 90!. Results: There was a significant effect of the M-BEAST on the Eccentric torque angle profile before training as well as significant improvements in post-fatigue torque angle profile following the effects of both strength and muscle endurance interventions. Conclusions: Forty-five minutes of simulated soccer activity leads to reduced eccentric hamstring torque at longer muscle lengths. Short-term conditioning programs (4-weeks) with either a maximum strength or a muscular endurance emphasis can equally reduce fatigue induced loss of strength over this time period.
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    Sociodemographic factors related to handgrip strength in children and adolescents in a middle income country : The SALUS study
    (2017-01) Otero, Johanna; Cohen, Daniel Dylan; Herrera Galindo, Víctor Mauricio; Camacho López, Paul Anthony; Bernal, Oscar; Lopez-Jaramillo, Patricio
    Objective To determine sociodemographic factors associated with handgrip (HG) strength in a representative sample of children and adolescents from a middle income country. Methods We evaluated youth between the ages of 8 and 17 from a representative sample of individuals from the Department of Santander, Colombia. Anthropometric measures, HG strength, and self‐reported physical activity were assessed, and parents/guardians completed sociodemographic questionnairres. Multinomial logistic regression models were used to estimate the association between sociodemographic and anthropometric characteristics and tertiles of relative HG strength. We also produced centile data for raw HG strength using quantile regression. Results 1,691 young people were evaluated. HG strength increased with age, and was higher in males than females in all age groups. Lower HG strength was associated with indicators of higher socioeconomic status, such as living in an urban area, residence in higher social strata neighborhoods, parent/guardian with secondary education or higher, higher household income, and membership in health insurance schemes. In addition, low HG strength was associated with lower physical activity levels and higher waist‐to‐hip ratio. In a fully adjusted regression model, all factors remained significant except for health insurance, household income, and physical activity level. Conclusions While age and gender specific HG strength values were substantially lower than contemporary data from high income countries, we found that within this middle income population indicators of higher socioeconomic status were associated with lower HG strength. This analysis also suggests that in countries undergoing rapid nutrition transition, improvements in socioeconomic conditions may be accompanied by reduction in muscle strength.
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    Antiviral effect of compounds derived from the seeds of Mammea americana and Tabernaemontana cymosa on Dengue and Chikungunya virus infections
    (2017-01-09) Martínez Vega, Ruth Aralí; Barreto Dos Santos, Flavia; Galvão de Araujo, Josélio Maria; Joint, Graham; Sarti, Elsa; Ramos Castañeda, José
    Dengue, the predominant arthropod-borne viral disease affecting humans, is caused by one of four distinct serotypes (DENV-1, -2, -3 or -4). A literature analysis and review was undertaken to describe the molecular epidemiological trends in dengue disease and the knowledge generated in specific molecular topics in Latin America, including the Caribbean islands, from 2000 to 2013 in the context of regional trends in order to identify gaps in molecular epidemiological knowledge and future research needs. Searches of literature published between 1 January 2000 and 30 November 2013 were conducted using specific search strategies for each electronic database that was reviewed. A total of 396 relevant citations were identified, 57 of which fulfilled the inclusion criteria. All four dengue virus serotypes were present and co-circulated in many countries over the review period (with the predominance of individual serotypes varying by country and year). The number of countries in which more than one serotype circulated steadily increased during the period under review. Molecular epidemiology data were found for Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, the Caribbean region, Colombia, Ecuador, Mexico and Central America, Paraguay, Peru and Venezuela. Distinct lineages with different dynamics were found in each country, with co-existence, extinction and replacement of lineages occurring over the review period. Despite some gaps in the literature limiting the possibility for comparison, our review has described the molecular epidemiological trends of dengue infection. However, several gaps in molecular epidemiological information across Latin America and the Caribbean were identified that provide avenues for future research; in particular, sequence determination of the dengue virus genome is important for more precise phylogenetic classification and correlation with clinical outcome and disease severity.
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    Dengue in Latin America : Systematic review of molecular epidemiological trends
    (2017-01-09) Ramos Castañeda, José; Barreto Dos Santos, Flavia; Martínez Vega, Ruth Aralí; Galvão de Araujo, Josélio Maria; Joint, Graham; Sarti, Elsa
    Dengue, the predominant arthropod-borne viral disease affecting humans, is caused by one of four distinct serotypes (DENV-1, -2, -3 or -4). A literature analysis and review was undertaken to describe the molecular epidemiological trends in dengue disease and the knowledge generated in specific molecular topics in Latin America, including the Caribbean islands, from 2000 to 2013 in the context of regional trends in order to identify gaps in molecular epidemiological knowledge and future research needs. Searches of literature published between 1 January 2000 and 30 November 2013 were conducted using specific search strategies for each electronic database that was reviewed. A total of 396 relevant citations were identified, 57 of which fulfilled the inclusion criteria. All four dengue virus serotypes were present and co-circulated in many countries over the review period (with the predominance of individual serotypes varying by country and year). The number of countries in which more than one serotype circulated steadily increased during the period under review. Molecular epidemiology data were found for Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, the Caribbean region, Colombia, Ecuador, Mexico and Central America, Paraguay, Peru and Venezuela. Distinct lineages with different dynamics were found in each country, with co-existence, extinction and replacement of lineages occurring over the review period. Despite some gaps in the literature limiting the possibility for comparison, our review has described the molecular epidemiological trends of dengue infection. However, several gaps in molecular epidemiological information across Latin America and the Caribbean were identified that provide avenues for future research; in particular, sequence determination of the dengue virus genome is important for more precise phylogenetic classification and correlation with clinical outcome and disease severity.
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    Muscle strength is associated with lower diastolic blood pressure in schoolchildren
    (2017-02) Cohen, Daniel Dylan; Lopez-Jaramillo, Patricio; Fernández Santos, JR; Castro Piñero, Jose; Sandercock, Gavin R.H.
    Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) provides protection against the elevated blood pressure in overweight youth. Less is known regarding any similar protective effect of muscular fitness. We investigated how handgrip strength, an easy to implement measure of muscular strength, interacted with CRF and BMI to determine blood pressure in youth. We measured systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure, handgrip strength (HG), CRF and body mass index (BMI) in n = 7329 10–16 year-olds (47% girls). We defined elevated blood pressure as > 91st percentile and Good HG as > 33rd percentile. Participants were classified as Fit or Unfit and as Normal or Overweight/Obese based on international standards. The prevalence of elevated SBP was 23%, and 44% of participants had elevated DBP. In unfit participants Good HG was associated with lower SBP (z = 0.41 (95%CI: 0.20–0.61) and DBP (z = 0.29 (95%CI: 0.12–0.47). In Overweight/Obese participants, DBP was z = 0.24 (95%CI: 0.14–0.34) lower in the Good (versus Low) HG group. Overweight/Obese participants with Good HG also had a 32% lower risk of elevated DBP (OR: 0.68, 95%CI: 0.57–0.82). This association was attenuated but remained important after adjusting for BMI (20% risk reduction, OR: 0.80, 95%CI: 0.63–1.01). Muscular fitness appears to play some protective role against the risk of elevated blood pressure; particularly for the more prevalent measure: elevated DBP (44%). Effects may be restricted to Overweight / Obese or unfit youth, who have an increased risk of elevated BP and also may be less likely to engage in traditional cardiorespiratory fitness training. Research to determine the effects of muscular fitness training on blood pressure is warranted in these subgroups.