AGBA. BIOGEN

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Análisis de las mutaciones más frecuentes del gen BRCA1 (185delAG y 5382insC) en mujeres con cáncer de mama en Bucaramanga, Colombia
(2009-01) Sanabria, María Carolina; Muñoz, Gerardo; Vargas, Clara Inés
Introduction. Breast cancer is considered a worldwide public health problem, and, in Santander Province, Colombia, it is the first leading cause of morbidity and mortality by cancer in women. All cancers are considered genetic diseases, and mutations in BRCA (BReast CAncer) genes raises the risk for breast cancer by 60%-80%. The current study searched for the two most frequent BRCA1 mutations reported in the Breast Cancer Core Information database. Objective. The presence of specific mutations (185delAG, exon 2 and 5382insC, exon 20) was determined for the BRCA1 gene in women with familial/hereditary breast cancer. Materials and methods. The sample included 30 female patients using the oncology services in Bucaramanga, eastern Colombia; an informed consent, a questionnaire and a blood sample were obtained from each. The molecular analysis was done with PCR-Mismatch, to detect the insertion or eliminatation of a restriction site, and enzymatic digestion methods (HinfI or DdeI). Results. Two of the most frequent BRCA1 mutations in the international database were not found in the 30 patients studied. Conclusion. Additional mutation screening techniques are necessary involving the entire BRCA1 gene, are necessary in order to better characterize the molecular epidemiology of breast cancer in Bucaramanga, Santander, Colombia.
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Aislamiento de patógenos comunes asociados con enfermedad diarreica aguda en menores de 5 años, Bucaramanga, Colombia
(2009-08) Uribe Yepes, Marta Amparo; Rodríguez Villamizar, Laura Andrea; Gómez González, Yolanda Astrid; Olaya Gamboa, Lina Evelia; Rodríguez Santamaría, Sandra Milena
Introducción: La enfermedad diarreica aguda continúa siendo una de las primeras causas de morbilidad y mortalidad en menores de cinco años. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la prevalencia de los agentes patógenos comunes asociados con enfermedad diarreica aguda en niños menores de cinco años atendidos en los servicios de urgencias de instituciones de salud de Bucaramanga. Materiales y métodos: Estudio descriptivo transversal con recolección prospectiva. Las muestras se recolectaron aleatoriamente durante los turnos de mañana, tarde y noche; a cada muestra se le realizó diagnóstico para rotavirus, Salmonella spp, Shigella spp, parásitos y coccidias. Resultados: Se estudiaron 180 menores de cinco años con una mediana de edad de 12 meses. El 44,4% (IC 95% 37,1-52,0) de los episodios de diarrea fue causada por rotavirus. En el 8,9% (IC 95% 5,2-14,0) de los casos se encontró Blastocystis hominis, 7,8% (IC 95% 4,3-12,8) Giardia duodenalis, 7,8% (IC 95% 4,3-12,8) Salmonella spp, 5,0% (IC 95% 2,3-9,3) Entamoeba histolytica dispar, 2,8% (IC 95% 0,9-6,4) Shigella spp, 2,8% (IC 95% 0,9-6,4) Entamoeba histolytica mas Blastocystis hominis, 0,6% (IC 95% 0,0-3,1) Giardia duodenalis mas Entamoeba histolytica, y 0,6% (IC 95% 0,0-3,1) rotavirus mas Blastocystis hominis. En el 19,4% de los niños no se encontró ningún microorganismo por los métodos utilizados en el estudio. Conclusión: Rotavirus tiene un importante papel en el municipio de Bucaramanga como principal agente patógeno asilado asociado con enfermedad diarreica aguda en niños menores de cinco años. [Uribe Yepes MA, Rodríguez Villamizar LA, Gómez González YA, Olaya Gamboa LE, Rodríguez Santamaría SM. Aislamientos de patógenos comunes asociados con enfermedad diarreica aguda en menores de cinco años, Bucaramanga, Colombia.
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Aceleración del proceso de compostaje de residuos post-cosecha (pulpa) del café con la aplicación de microorganismos nativos
(2010) Vásquez de Díaz, María Cristina; López, Andrea; Fuentes, Beatriz; Cote, Elva
Colombia, as a leading exporter of coffee smooth, in 2008 produced an average of 12 524 thousand bags of coffee, each 60 kg, of which 3 005 tones are coffee cherry, these large volumes produced post- harvest, are considered contaminants. These products can be used to produce organic fertilizer. The traditional composting process takes about 150 days because of that the decreasing time to 40 days, it is proposed. Isolation of microorganisms from a pre-enrichment in a basal medium cherry Saline (MBS) to obtain axenic cultures, were identified and tested for compatibility between the consortia to select strains tested. Four 4 biopiles were made with a weight of 175 kg each one and one control. They were inoculated by spraying with a concentration of 3 x 107 CFU/mL during 10, 20 and 30 days, with monitoring of physical parameters. They were isolated and identified 8 strains: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Citrobacter koseri, Bacillus sp, Escherichia coli, Stenotrophomona maltophilia, Cromobacterium spp, Pseudomonas spp. The carbonnitrogen (C/N) ratio in the stack 1 (9.6 %), in the stack 2 (10 %), and the pile 4 (9.5 %) fulfilled the established values (< 20 %), showing maturity and sanitary quality with low levels of fecal coliform and total absence of Salmonella. The results in 40 days allowed a compost that meets the parameters established by the Colombian technical standard (5167 NTC, 2004).
Acceso abierto
Optimización del proceso de compostaje de productos post-cosecha (cereza) del café con la aplicación de microorganismos nativos
(2010-07) Vásquez de Díaz, María Cristina; Prada P., Paula A.; Mondragon A., Maritza A.
El cultivo del café trae consigo la producción de grandes cantidades de residuos pos-cosecha, como la cereza. Este desecho causa problemas ambientales debido a que contamina fuentes hídricas y genera alteraciones en el ecosistema cuando no es tratado adecuadamente. Una alternativa a este problema es la utilización de la cereza para la producción de abono orgánico, reduciendo los costos de producción. Este estudio tiene como objetivo disminuir el tiempo de compostaje de la cereza del café utilizando 3 consorcios bacterianos de cepas aisladas de la cereza, a través de la bio-aumentación. En estos estudios se obtuvo compost que cumple con los parámetros exigidos por la NTC 5167 del 2004 y la resolución 00150 de enero de 2003 del ICA en 40 días. Se observaron diferencias significativas entre la biopila testigo en los parámetros fisicoquímicos y los obtenidos en la pruebas bajo tratamiento con los consorcios bacterianos en 40 días, pH (P= 0,00552), en cuanto a la relación C/N (P= 0,00197)demostrando una madurez a los 40 días del estudio, Potasio (P= 0,01213), Fosforo total (P= 0,09547), Hierro total (P= 0,04502), Nitrógeno orgánico (P= 0,00421) elementos de gran importancia que contribuyen al desarrollo radicular y crecimiento de las plantas.
Acceso abierto
Preferential Protection of Domains II and III of Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1Aa Toxin by Brush Border Membrane Vesicles
(2010-12) Hussain, Syed-Rehan A.; Florez, Alvaro M.; Dean, Donald H.; Alzate, Oscar
The surface exposed Leucine 371 on loop 2 of domain II, in Cry1Aa toxin, was mutated to Lysine to generate the trypsin-sensitive mutant, L371K. Upon trypsin digestion L371K is cleaved into approxima-tely 37 and 26 kDa fragments. These are separable on SDS-PAGE, but remain as a single molecule of 65 kDa upon purification by liquid chromatography. The larger fragment is domain I and a portion of domain II (amino acid residues 1 to 371). The smaller 26-kDa polypeptide is the remainder of domain II and domain III (amino acids 372 to 609). When the mutant toxin was treated with high dose of M. sexta gut juice both fragments were degraded. However, when incubated with M. sexta BBMV, the 26 kDa fragment (domains II and III) was preferentially protected from gut juice proteases. As previously reported, wild type Cry1Aa toxin was also protected against degradation by gut juice proteases when incubated with M. sexta BBMV. On the contrary, when mouse BBMV was added to the reaction mixture neither Cry1Aa nor L371K toxins showed resistance to M. sexta gut juice proteases and were degraded. Since the whole Cry1Aa toxin and most of the domain II and domain III of L371K are protected from proteases in the presence of BBMV of the target insect, we suggest that the insertion of the toxin into the membrane is complex and involves all three domains.
Acceso abierto
Protein Engineering of Bacillus thuringiensis δ-Endotoxins
(2012-03) Florez, Alvaro M.; Osorio, Cristina; Alzate, Oscar
Protein engineering of insecticidal Bt δ-endotoxins is a powerful tool for designing novel Cry toxins with altered properties, including changing the toxin’s specificity. By following some elementary rules governing the structure/function relationship, it has been possible to create new toxins with modified properties including increased toxicity and binding affinity, enhanced ion-transport activity, and changes in insect specificity. These methods have also produced valuable information and have led to an improved understanding of the mode of action of these important biopesticides. The results discussed in this chapter derive from rational molecular design where protein structure is modified by incorporating single or multiple amino acid substitutions aimed at modifying specific protein functions. In this review, we analyze several protein modifications that have been successfully used for creating stable, functional proteins with minimal structural alterations. The understanding and proper use of protein engineering approaches may help in implementing appropriate pest management strategies by improving the efficacy of these toxins against insect pests.
Acceso abierto
Comparación de la PCR anidada y PCR convencional en el diagnóstico de Plasmodium Vivax y P. Falciparum
(2013) Galvis Serrano, Nestor Fabián; Carrillo Hernández, Marlen Yelitza; Quintero, Fabián A.
Malaria is diseases caused by Plasmodium sp., and in Colombia approximately 160,000 cases are annually registered, where 75% are produced by P. vivax and 24% for P. falciparum. The molecular diagnosis is performed by Nested PCR, is a general amplification followed by a specific, using two pairs of different primers. This study compared the sensitivity and specificity of nested PCR with the conventional PCR to identify P. vivax and P. falciparum in DNA from blood of patients. As samples were selected 18 patients were identified as positive by blood smear for malaria. At the DNA isolation protocols were used 3: Heidari, Chelex®100 and commercial kit from Promega. In the nested PCR and conventional primers were used to identify P. falciparum and P. vivax. The results of the amplifications obtained with conventional PCR were similar to those obtained with nested PCR, demonstrating that have the same specificity and sensitivity, which allows to conclude that the realization of the conventional PCR is sufficient for the diagnosis of P. vivax and P. falciparum, reducing time and costs in the identification. The PCR is the best method for the diagnosis of Malaria, which is more sensitive and specific compared with rapid testing and microscopic examination of drop thick, allowing the presence of the parasite in the early stages of the disease when the parasite load is minimal, and also gives the possibility of identifying cases of mixed infections.
Acceso abierto
Caracterizaci ón molecular de genes cry1, cry2, cry3 y cry4 en aislados de Bacillus thuringiensis y determinación de su actividad bioinsecticida en larvas de Aedes aegypti
(2013-02-20) Galvis Serrano, Nestor Fabián
Chemical insecticides can be toxic and cause environmental degradation. Therefore, biological control of insects represents an alternative of low ecological impact. Bacillus thuringiensis is a spore-forming Gram-positive bacterium that produces parasporal crystals of a proteic nature, formed by delta endotoxins that are toxic to a large number of insects and are biodegradable and innocuous to other species. In the present work 13 native strains of B. thuringiensis were isolated from soil samples and identified by selective methods and the BBL CRYSTAL method. In the molecular characterization utilizing specific primers for the identification of cry1, cry2, cry3 y cry4 genes, eight isolates presented the cry3 gene and two presented the cry2 gene. These two latter isolates were used in a bioassay on Aedes aegypti larvae to determine their toxic effect, showing that the preliminary toxicity essay of the BtUDES2 isolate presented a lethality of 56.67%. When determining the lethal concentration of this same isolate, an average lethal concentration of 11.4333ng·ml-1 and a total lethal concentration of 17.1542ng·ml-1 were found.
Acceso abierto
Plantas con actividad fotosensibilizadora y potencial terapéutico en leishmaniasis cutánea : Hipericina, una alternativa prometedora
(2013-10) Taylor Orozco, Viviana Milena; Ríos Ramírez, Yesmit Karina; León R, Daniel Arturo
La leishmaniasis es una enfermedad endémica en 98 países, con más de 350 millo-nes de personas en riesgo de adquirir la infección y 12 millones de personas infectadas. Nume-rosas desventajas asociadas a los tratamientos actuales promueven la falta de adherencia o abandono del tratamiento y la aparición de cepas resistentes al medicamento. Estos factores han estimulado la búsqueda de alternativas terapéuticas que sean rápidas, seguras, de fácil administración y económicas. Surge así la etnobotánica, que en combinación con la fototerapia puede convertirse en una estrategia innovadora para la búsqueda de compuestos de origen natural con actividad leishmanicida, donde productos como la hipericina pueden ser conside-rados candidatos prometedores en el descubrimiento y desarrollo de nuevos tratamientos.La hipericina es una molécula de origen natural que presenta un rendimiento cuántico alto en su estado triplete y genera eficientemente especies reactivas de oxígeno, lo cual posible-mente la hace un buen agente leishmanicida al ser aplicado en los tejidos infectados, además de ser posiblemente un potencial agente cicatrizante, que otorga un efecto cosmético favo-rable en la resolución de la lesión, con amplias ventajas como bajo costo y fácil manejo, con-virtiéndose en una alternativa favorable frente a otras usadas en el manejo de la enfermedad.
Acceso abierto
Caracterización molecular mediante REP-PCR de aislados nativos de bacillus thuringiensis, obtenidos de muestras de suelo
(2014) Galvis Serrano, Nestor Fabián; Moreno, Laura Yolima
Molecular characterization using rep-PCR of native isolates of Bacillus thuringiensis, obtained from soil samples. Bacillus thuringiensis is a Gram-positive bacteria forming spores, which produces parasporal crystals of a proteic nature, toxic against various orders of insects and biodegradable and harmless to other species. This research use the experimental model, allowing, through observation techniques, microbiological and biochemical identification of B. thuringiensisfrom soil samples from municipalities of Cúcuta, El Zulia, Los Patios, San Cayetano and Villa del Rosario, Norte de Santander, Colombia, and its subsequent characterization with molecular markers Bc-Rep and MB1. Microbiological and biochemical tests identified 10 isolates as B. thuringiensis; the results of phylogenetic analysis showed significant differences in the clusters obtained with Bc-Rep and MB1 markers. With Bc-Rep a low index of similarity (18%) was recorded, while with the marker MB1 a higher similarity index, 58%, was obtained. This work indicated a great genetic variability among isolates, showing that markers Bc-Rep and MB1 are highly effective to differentiate closely related strains, thus becoming a genetic tool of great value for studies of identification and diversity in B. thuringiensis.
Acceso abierto
Identificación y caracterización molecular de aislados de Burkholderia glumae, agente causante del añublo bacterial en el cultivo de arroz
(2015) Galvis Serrano, Nestor Fabián; Carrillo Hernández, Marlen Yelitza
El objetivo de este trabajo fue implementar la identificación especifica de Burkholderia glumae por PCR convencional; y conocer sus características genéticas, a partir de plantas de arroz con evidencia de pudrición. Burkholderia glumae es el agente causal del añublo bacterial de la panícula del arroz, con una alta incidencia ocasionando considerables pérdidas en la producción de los cultivos en Colombia. Debido a que su identificación es difícil, se requiere de un sistema de evaluación que permita determinar de manera rápida y precisa este patógeno. Se obtuvo 64 aislados, de los cuales 41 fueron identificados por Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa (PCR) como Burkholderia glumae. La caracterización molecular con los marcadores MB1 y BOX-PCR mostraron variabilidad genética en la mayoría de los aislados, pero permitieron el agrupamiento de acuerdo a su origen geográfico. La gran diversidad genética encontrada refleja el alto grado de variabilidad existente dentro de los individuos de esta especie.
Acceso abierto
Niveles séricos de marcadores inflamatorios en pacientes hipertensos de la E.S.E. IMSALUD, Cúcuta, Colombia
(2015-10-31) Ríos Ramírez, Yesmit Karina; Mendoza Toloza, Sandra M.; Carvajal Ortega, Johanna K.; Taylor Orozco, Viviana Milena
Introduction: Hypertension is a multifactorial clinical condition characterized by elevated systolic or diastolic blood pressure that it is establishing itself as a major risk factor in the onset of cardiovascular disease. Objectives: To determine serum levels of IFN-γ, TNF-α and C-reactive protein, relating to hypertension in patients attending the E.S.E. Imsalud - Unidad Materno Infantil La Libertad (Cucuta, Colombia). Material and methods: A correlational descriptive study was realized in hypertensive individuals and healthy controls selected through structured survey. Serum levels of IFN-γ and TNF-α were analyzed by ELISA and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels by turbidimetric immunoassays.
Acceso abierto
Polimorfismos en los genes MTHFR e IL-10 y factores de riesgo en pacientes con cáncer gástrico del municipio de San José de Cúcuta, Colombia
(2017) Galvis Serrano, Nestor Fabián; Rivero López, Esmeralda; Cárdenas, Denny Miley
Introduction: gastric cancer is one of more concern neoplasms around the world due to its incidence and associated mortality. Helicobacter pylori infection, host genetic susceptibility and environmental factors are considered the causes of gastric carcinoma occurrence. Objective: to evaluate the C677T, A592C and T819C polymorphisms and risk factors in patients with gastric cancer in the municipality of San José de Cúcuta. Methods: application of surveys for determining risk factors, detection of serologic response to H. pylori infection, genotyping of polymorphisms using PCR-RFLP and statistical analysis. Results: the analysis of risk factors in the cases showed consumption of tobacco, alcohol, and salt in 68.8% and H. pylori infection in 75% of cases; 68.8% had a family history of cancer and 75% had preexisting gastric disease. The control population had lower consumption of alcohol and tobacco comparing to the cases group, high consumption of vegetables (64%) and similar value of H. pylori infection (80%). Analysis of the C677T polymorphism revealed predominance of the wild-type allele in both cases and controls with no evidence of association with the developing of gastric cancer; the polymorphisms A592C and T819C presented higher frequency of the mutated allele in both groups, with no significant differences between cases and controls. Conclusions: although no significant differences were observed in the genetic variants, different patterns were detected between cases and controls regarding the evaluation of environmental factors, which would probably explain the absence of the disease in healthy individuals.
Acceso abierto
Asociación de los niveles de adiponectina y del factor de necrosis tumoral alfa con albuminuria en pacientes con diabetes tipo 2
(2017) Sierra Castrillo, Jhoalmis.; Gómez Rave, Liz J.
Type 2 Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic chronic disease, which if it is not properly controlled produces a progressive kidney damage causing diabetc nephropathy. It is also highly associated with a chronic infammatory state, related to adipocytokines (IL-6, TNF-α, leptn, adiponectn) secreton which are involved in metabolic homeostasis and crucial in both regulatng the atherogenic process as in insulin resistance. Objectve: To relate the behavior of adiponectn and TNF-α levels with albumi- nuria in patents with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Materials and methods: The research was based on a descriptve cross-sectonal model with a study populaton composed by patents admited to University Hospital Erasmo Meoz (Cucuta, Colombia). According to previously established selecton criteria, two analysis groups were conformed; patents diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus and albuminuria >30 mg/L (n = 24), and a control group without the above conditons (n = 20). Results: The results revealed that there is a positve and statstcally signifcant correlaton between TNF-α concentraton and albuminuria (p <0.03). It was observed that between TNF-α and adiponectn levels there are no apparently correlaton (p> 0.05). Conclusions: although there are no signifcant diferences between adiponectn and TNF-α levels, TNF-α could be exploited as an early markers for kidney damage or help designing of progression estmators of injury in patents with diabetes type 2.
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No todo es Zika : Toxoplasmosis congénita, ¿Aún prevalente en Colombia?
(2017-06-28) Meneses Silvera, Keyla M.; Zarate Vergara, Andrea Carolina; Guerrero Gómez, Carlos; Rodríguez Morales, Alfonso J.; Alvarado Socarras, Jorge Luis
Congenital toxoplasmosis continues to be a public health threat. Even existing guidelines, publicly known, its implementation and lack of appropriate interpretation of serological tests in pregnancy is often observed. This leds to failure in opportunities for positive and known interventions to decrease the fetal risk due to Toxoplasma gondii infection. We reported herein a case series, with variable neurological and systemic compromise (respiratory distress, hepatosplenomegaly, enterocolitis, brain calcifications, thrombocytopenia, ascites, shock), even fatal, calling for awareness about the fact that despite the Zika epidemics in 2015-2016 in Brazil, Colombia and other countries, precisely toxoplasmosis, is a differential diagnosis still prevalent in these territories, that can leds to severe consequences, with neurological disability and risk of ocular damage, even lately. Additionally, with varieties of T. gondii with more aggressive patterns in Latin America, which make worse those cases, including also a higher risk of death.
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Identification of Cry1 genes in Bacillus thuringiensis isolates and their toxic effect against Milax gagates , plague in lettuce ( Lactuca sativa )
(2018-05) Galvis Serrano, Nestor Fabián; Moreno, Laura Yolima
Milax gagates constituye una de las principales plagas en el cultivo de lechuga causando considerables pérdidas económicas. El control con molusquicidas elimina total o parcialmente la plaga, pero genera un impacto negativo en el ambiente por su alta toxicidad. El manejo biológico también permite el control de la plaga, pero de manera específica e inocua para el ambiente. Por ello, el objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el efecto tóxico de Bacillus thuringiensis, con genes Cry1, contra M. gagates mediante la elaboración de un bioensayo. Se tomaron 75 muestras de suelo de varios municipios del Norte de Santander, Colombia, de donde se obtuvieron 58 colonias aisladas de B. thuringiensis con características similares. De estas colonias, cinco evidenciaron la presencia de genes Cry1, y fueron las empleadas en los bioensayos junto con el control B. thuringiensis var. Kurstaki. Los tratamientos presentaron letalidad ante M. gagates de entre 90 y 100 % a una concentración de 500 μg∙mL-1. La CL99 calculada sugiere el uso de 820 μg∙mL-1 del biopreparado para obtener 100 % de letalidad con cualquiera de los cinco aislados estudiados.
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Preliminary analysis of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in IL-10, IL-4, and IL-4Rα genes and profile of circulating cytokines in patients with gastric Cancer
(2018-12-10) Cárdenas, Denny Miley; Sánchez, Angie Carolina; Rosas, Daris Angélica; Rivero López, Esmeralda; Paparoni, Massiel Dayana; Cruz, Mildred Andreína; Suárez, Yeicy Paola; Galvis Serrano, Nestor Fabián
Background: Gastric Cancer is highly prevalent and deadly worldwide. In Colombia, it is the most lethal form of cancer. Some single-nucleotide polymorphisms in IL-10, IL-4, and IL-4Rα genes have been associated with an anti-inflammatory environment and a Th2 profile in detriment of the antitumor Th1 response. This research sought to detect single-nucleotide polymorphisms in promoter sequences, like − 1082 (G/A), − 592 (C/A), and − 819 (C/T), as well as − 590 (C/T) of the IL-10 and IL-4 genes, respectively; in addition to the IL-4Rα mutation variants, Ile50Val and Q576R, together with circulating levels of IL-4, TNF-α, IL-10, and IFN-γ in patients with gastric carcinoma in Cúcuta, Colombia. Methods: In a cross-sectional study, 17 patients and 30 healthy individuals were genotyped for the six polymorphisms mentioned through PCR-RFLP of DNA obtained from peripheral blood cells and serum samples were analyzed by sandwich ELISA to quantify cytokines. Statistical difference between groups was determined along with the association between the presence of polymorphisms and the risk of gastric cancer, as well as the mortality in patients, using Mann-Whitney U test and logistic regression analysis, respectively. Results: An association between the − 1082 (G/A) and the risk of gastric cancer was found (OR = 7.58, range 0.77– 74.06, P = 0.08). Furthermore, patients had a significant increase in IL-4 serum levels (P < 0.01) compared to healthy individuals, both variables showed a higher estimated risk of mortality in patients, although without statistical association (P > 0.05). Conclusion: We infer that two possible biomarkers (one immunological and one genetic) could be considered in association with gastric cancer in our population, which should be confirmed by subsequent studies involving a greater number of individuals.
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Conocimiento, actitudes y prácticas frente al VIH/SIDA en estudiantes de bachillerato de Cúcuta, Norte de Santander, Colombia
(Archivos Venezolanos de Farmacologia y Terapeutica, 2019-01-02) Villafaña Angarita, Tatiana Maybeth; Sierra Leiva, Jahury-Estefanny; Parada, Holver-Smith; Soto, Javier-Andrés; Cárdenas Sierra, Denny-Miley
Objetivo. Determinar el nivel de conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas acerca del VIH y SIDA en adolescentes. Métodos. Estudio correlacional de campo en 318 estudiantes de 13-21 años de edad, de noveno-undécimo de bachillerato de dos Instituciones Educativas representativas de la ciudad de Cúcuta, mediante muestreo probabilístico. Se implementó instrumento CAP validado y ficha sociodemográfica, para análisis descriptivo y correlacional. Resultados. Se registró desconocimiento sobre transmisión, población susceptible y estabilidad de preservativos en 5-47% de los estudiantes, obteniéndose un nivel bajo para la dimensión conocimiento, en contraste con actitudes y prácticas adecuadas. Conclusiones. No se encontró asociación entre variables edad, sexo, estrato, tipo familiar o escolaridad con las dimensiones de los conocimientos, actitudes o prácticas, hallándose homogeneidad en la muestra, lo que la proyecta como un grupo modelo a contrastar en futuros estudios con otras poblaciones buscando identificar aspectos mejorables en torno a estrategias de prevención global de la pandemia.
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Estudio piloto de la prevalencia de síndrome metabólico en estudiantes de la institución universitaria Colegio Mayor de Antioquia en Medellín y la Universidad de Santander. Cúcuta, Colombia
(Revista Latinoamericana de Hipertensión, 2019-03-01) Gómez Rave, Lyz Jenny; Sierra-Castrillo, Jhoalmis; Bermúdez Pirela, Valmore; Román Marín, Laura-Melisa; Rojas, Joselyn
Antecedentes: El síndrome metabólico (SM) es una condición que predispone al individuo al desarrollo de enfermedades cardiovasculares, diabetes mellitus tipo 2 y sus complicaciones. Debido a que su prevalencia se encuentra en aumento, se ha convertido en un problema de salud mundial que debe manejarse desde la prevención temprana y la promoción de hábitos saludables. Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de SM en un grupo de jóvenes universitarios de la Institución Universitaria Colegio Mayor de Antioquia y la Universidad de Santander. Diseño y método: la investigación es de tipo descriptivo y transversal con una muestra conformada por 80 estudiantes (16 hombres y 64 mujeres), entre los 17 y 32 años, aparentemente sanos. Utilizando la definición de la IDF para el SM, se midieron variables como circunferencia de cintura (CC), presión arterial sistólica y diastólica (PS, PD), glucosa en ayunas (GA), colesterol HDL (HDLc) y triglicéridos (TG). Para el análisis estadístico, la comparación entre grupos se realizó con la medida no paramétrica prueba U de Mann-Whitney, con un nivel de significaticancia p<0,005 y mediante el uso del programa estadístico SPSS versión 24. Resultados: se encontró una prevalencia de SM de 5 %, y en el análisis individual de sus componentes o factores de riesgo asociados se evidenció una mayor prevalencia para CC y GA elevada (38,89% en cada una), seguida de la disminución del HDLc (27,78%). Conclusiones: estos hallazgos concuerdan con estudios previos donde se estima que el SM está presente en adultos jóvenes de acuerdo con criterios de la IDF. A partir de esto se recomienda adoptar medidas institucionales que promuevan la actividad física y la alimentación saludable.
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Scorpion Venom: New Promise in the Treatment of Cancer
(Facultad de Ciencias Departamento de Biología Sede Bogotá, Universidad nacional de Colombia, 2019-05-01) Gómez Rave, Lyz Jenny; Muñoz Bravo, Adriana Ximena; Sierra-Castrillo, Jhoalmis; Román Marín, Laura-Melisa; Corredor Pereira, Carlos; Matta, Edna
Cancer is a public health problem due to its high worldwide morbimortality. Current treatment protocols do not guarantee complete remission, which has prompted to search for new and more effective antitumoral compounds. Several substances exhibiting cytostatic and cytotoxic effects over cancer cells might contribute to the treatment of this pathology. Some studies indicate the presence of such substances in scorpion venom. In this review, we report characteristics of the principal scorpion venom components found in recent literature and their potential activity against tumor cells. There are different toxin groups present in the venom, and it seems that their mode of actions involves ionic channel blocking, disruption of the cell membrane integrity and damage to internal cell organelles. These properties make good prospects for studies on drugs and adjuvants in cancer treatment.

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