AGBHA. Artículos de Investigación

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  • Publicación
    Acceso abierto
    Aproximación a la realidad en salud y educación de las personas en condición de discapacidad de Los Santos, Santander. 2010-2011
    (2011-05) Hijuelos Cárdenas, Martha Liliana; Angarita Fonseca, Adriana; Martínez Marín, Rocío del Pilar; Criado Guerrero, Libeth-Yajaira
    We present the reality in health and education of disabled persons (DP) from Los Santos, Santander in 2010 and 2011. A descriptive and sectional study was done with the instrument “Survey of Persons with Disabilities and its caregiver” by Interview which was performed by 17 last year students of Physiotherapy and Bacteriology previously trained. Information was collected from 108 DP (48.1% female). With reference to health, the conditions that most affect them are nervous system disorders (64.8%), with principal diagnosis of Epilepsy (18%) and Cerebral Palsy (15%). The89.6% of DP belongs to subsidized health regime, 61% went once to rehabilitation and physiotherapy was the main service received (63.2%); the primary reason for not attending rehabilitation was the lack of financial resources (45.7%). Regarding education, for DP with three years old or more, 46.2% could not read or write, 37.4% of DP would not continue studying if given the opportunity and 33.6% did not know or does not answer this question. In terms of education, support services to DP who are enrolled in school, 50% has pedagogical support and the other does not has any service. Furthermore, 62.5% believes that teachers do not adequately address the special needs of DP and 58.5% believes that the education ofDP has not been responsive to their needs. We conclude that the disability as a public health problem affecting the health and education of DP, reducing their individual development and the opportunities for integration into society.
  • Publicación
    Acceso abierto
    Evaluacion agronómica y sensorial del frijol(Phaseotus vulgaris l) mejorados nutricionalmente en el norte del departamento del Cesar, Colombia
    (2011-07) Tofiño Rivera, Adriana Patricia; Tofiño, Rodrigo; Cabal, Diana Carolina; Melo Ríos, Aslenis Emidia; Camarillo, William; Pachón, Helena
    Objetivo: evaluar las características agronómicas y sensoriales de varios genotipos de fríjol (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) biofortificado, con respecto a un tradicional, para seleccionar el de mejores posibilidades de adopción. Materiales y métodos: el estudio se desarrolló en el Cesar (Colombia) y comprendió tres fases: 1) evaluación de la aceptación de semillas de 35 líneas de fríjol biofortificado por 331 productores y consumidores, 2) evaluación agronómica y nutricional, de las nueve líneas mejor calificadas y 3) evaluación sensorial por 273 personas comparativamente con un testigo regional. A los cuatro genotipos con mejores resultados agronómicos y nutricionales se les aplicaron pruebas de aceptabilidad, al mejor valorado, además pruebas de preferencia y discriminación triangular. Resultados: los de mejor aceptación por tipo de semilla fueron dos genotipos de cada color: negro, crema, rojo y rosado moteado. Los cuatro con mejor rendimiento, sanidad, contenidos de hierro y zinc incluyeron un genotipo de cada color; frente a un patrón local no presentaron diferencias de aceptabilidad por olor, color y sabor (p>0,05), pero si por textura y consistencia (p<0,05) a favor de los biofortificados, sobresaliendo el negro. Con este último y el patrón local se preparó una receta, los evaluadores discriminaron entre los dos y hubo diferencias en la aceptabilidad de algunas características sensoriales, a favor del biofortificado. Conclusión: los genotipos de fríjol biofortificado presentaron mejor rendimiento, sanidad, contenidos de hierro y zinc que el patrón local, los cuatro mejor valorados presentaron algunas diferencias sensoriales frente al testigo, a favor de los biofortificados, sobresaliendo el genotipo negro.
  • Publicación
    Acceso abierto
    Caracterización de la resistencia in vitro a diferentes antimicrobianos en cepas de Staphylococcus spp. en una institución hospitalaria de la ciudad de Valledupar entre enero y julio de 2009
    (2012-06) Morales Parra, Gloria Inés; Yaneth Giovanetti, María Cecilia; Chávez, Katiuska Milena
    Los Staphylococcus spp. causan un amplio rango de infecciones sistémicas y localizadas en pacientes hospitalizados y comunitarios. Su alta patogenicidad y su creciente resistencia a múltiples antimicrobianos, entre ellos la meticilina, provocan elevadas tasas de morbimortalidad ocasionando un alto impacto epidemiológico. Objetivo: determinar el perfil fenotípico de resistencia a diferentes antimicrobianos en cepas del género Staphylococcus spp. Materiales y métodos: se recolectaron setenta y cinco cepas y se determinó susceptibilidad a diferentes antibióticos por el método de Kirby Bauer. La producción de beta-lactamasa se verificó mediante la prueba del nitrocefin. La resistencia a la meticilina en S. aureus se realizó usando Mueller Hinton con 4% de NaCl y oxacilina 6 µg/mL. La resistencia inducible a clindamicina se tamizó mediante la prueba del D-Test. Resultados: se aisló un 38% de estafilococos coagulasa negativa (SCN) y un 62% de S. aureus. Un 53% de los estafilococos fueron resistentes a penicilina: S. aureus con 58% y SCN 42%; un 47% de las cepas presentaron resistencia a meticilina: S. aureus con un 61% y SCN con un 39%; una cepa de S. aureus mostró resistencia inducible a la clindamicina (1,33%). En su mayoría, los estafilococos coagulasa negativa fueron aislados a partir de muestras de hemocultivos (31%) y los estafilococos meticilino-resistentes predominaron en muestras de heridas (46%), hemocultivo (29%) y punta de catéter (5%); gran parte de ellos procedía de UCI neonatal (25%), médica (21%) y cirugía (16%). Conclusiones: S. aureus y SCN se aislaron con mayor frecuencia en hemocultivos y heridas procedentes de UCI neonatal y cirugía. Los fenotipos de resistencia predominantes fueron para penicilina y oxacilina.
  • Publicación
    Acceso abierto
    Marcadores serológicos y moleculares de infección por el virus de la hepatitis B en estudiantes universitarios colombianos
    (2012-10) Bautista Amorocho, Henry; Castellanos Domínguez, Yeny Zulay; Farfán García, Ana Elvira
    Introduction: Reports from the World Health Organization (WHO) show that the prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections varies by geographical region and risk group. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of HBV infections, as well as the vaccination status, among university students from Bucaramanga. Methodology: This was a cross sectional study conducted in 2010 which included 1298 students from five universities. Serological markers for HBV infection were detected using ELISA. Viral genomes were detected with nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: Active infections were established in 0.15% of the study population, and this finding was confirmed by PCR. Resolved infections were identified in 0.60% of the population. Isolated anti-HBc antibodies were found, 30.2% of vaccinated individuals. 67.9% of the study population was susceptible. No occult HBV was detected. Conclusions: The low prevalence of HBV infections reported in this study contrasts with the intermediate epidemiological pattern described in the region. We found poor vaccination coverage and absence of occult hepatitis B among these university students.
  • Publicación
    Acceso abierto
    Association Study of the -866 G/A UCP2 Gene Polymorphism with Obesity in a Valledupar Population
    (2014) Mosquera Heredia, María Isabel; De Armas Daza, Lina María; Ospino Fernández, Luis Fernando José
    La obesidad es una enfermedad multifactorial que se relaciona con estilos de vida y factores medioambientales y genéticos. Uno de los genes candidatos de la obesidad es el UCP2. Su polimorfismo -866G/A se ha asociado con obesidad en algunas poblaciones. Sin embargo, se han reportado resultados contradictorios alrededor del mundo, lo cual indica la necesidad de nuevas investigaciones al respecto. Objetivo: Analizar el polimorfismo -866G/A del gen UCP2 asociado con obesidad en adultos de la ciudad de Valledupar. Materiales y métodos: Se estudiaron 103 individuos con sobrepeso u obesidad y 100 con normopeso. El polimorfismo de UCP2 -866G/A fue determinado por PCR-RFLP. Se evaluaron también medidas antropométricas, perfil de lipoproteínas y glucemia basal. Resultados: Se observó que el alelo mutado y su genotipo homocigoto fueron significativamente más frecuentes en pacientes con IMC > a 25 kg/m2 . [A: OR= 2,9 (IC 95%= 1,765-4,751) y AA: OR=5,8 (IC 95%=1,264-2,745)]. No se encontraron diferencias significativas entre UCP2 -866G/A y las variables clínicas estudiadas en individuos obesos. Sin embargo, se observa que los sujetos con alelos y genotipos mutados presentaron cifras más elevadas de triglicéridos, glucemia e ICC y menor promedio de cHDL. Conclusiones: la mutación -866G/A del gen UCP2 se asocia a obesidad en la población estudiada y aunque no parece influir en las medidas antropométricas y bioquímicas en sujetos obesos, podría estar relacionado con aumento de ICC, glucosa y triglicéridos y disminución de cHDL.
  • Publicación
    Acceso abierto
    Highly nutritional cookies based on a novel beancassava-wheat flour mix formulation
    (2014) Cabal, Diana Carolina; Melo Ríos, Aslenis Emidia; Lissbrant, Sofía; Gallego, Sonia; La O Hechavarría, María de la Luz; Tofiño Rivera, Adriana Patricia
    Nutritional deficiencies are common among children in Colombia, and innovative strategies and supplements are needed in order to effectively address this problem. For example, in Colombia, when measured as ferritin, iron deposits are deficient in 58.2% of children between two and eight years of age. If a formulation is made with highly nutritional ingredients, cookies will have the potential to be used as supplements in children's diets because of their simple manufacturing process, long shelf life, and high acceptability. This study aimed to develop biofortified cookies, based on a bean-cassava-wheat flour mix, for children. The methodology grouped several studies in order to define the best treatment for the production of bean flour and the flour mix to produce cookies, prioritizing the nutritional content and the microbiological and sensorial quality. A production procedure for bean-based flour, suitable for the production of cookies with adequate nutritional, sensorial and microbiological characteristics was obtained. Additionally, the rheological characteristics of the proposed flour mixes permitted other possible uses for the bread-making industry, substituting cereal flours with flours with higher micronutrient contents. However, further studies are needed to determine the nutritional effects of the regular ingestion of biofortified cookies on children.
  • Publicación
    Acceso abierto
    Dynamizing intellectual capital through enablers and learning flows
    (2014) Vargas Mendoza, Nancy; Lloria, M. Begoña
    Purpose – The main aim of this research is to relate intellectual capital (IC) and organizational performance through intermediate variables, enablers and learning flows. To this end, the paper defines a new theoretical model of relations and presents an empirical study to contrast the model. Design/methodology/approach – The proposed theoretical model is contrasted by means of a quantitative study of Spanish firms from the biotechnology sector. The statistical analysis applies a method based on variance using partial least squares. Findings – The theoretical model proposes a total of 15 relations, 13 of which are statistically significant, which demonstrates the close relationship between IC and performance using enablers and learning flows as intermediate variables. Originality/value – From the theoretical model proposed and its subsequent empirical contrast, the research shows the close relations that exist between areas of knowledge that traditionally appear separately in the literature. The proposed model thus allows us to explain and predict the dynamization of the components of IC due to enablers and learning flows, and the effect of these elements on organizational performance.
  • Publicación
    Acceso abierto
    A new PCR-RFLP for species-specific diagnosis of South American animal trypanosomiasis
    (2014) García Sánchez, Liliana Torcoroma; Rincón, Deilis; Durán, Camila; Aguilar Jiménez, Jhancy Rocío
    The diagnosis of animal trypanosomiasis in field samples is currently based on clinical suspicion and less frequently on traditional parasitological methods characterized by their very low sensitivity, especially in the subacute and chronic phase of the infection. Molecular tools such as Polymerase Chain Reaction have been shown to reach the highest sensitivity percentages, but without good resolution for all of the South American circulating species (T. vivax, T. evansi and T. theileri) or with specificity for only one of these species. In this study, a new PCR-RFLP for species-specific diagnosis of Trypanosomiasis is presented. This method displayed good resolution, sensitivity and specificity for differentiation of the three aforementioned species identified from naturally infected Colombian bovines and water buffaloes. In addition, epidemiological and clinical data were also collected and analyzed from the sampled animals and significant associations were identified.
  • Publicación
    Acceso abierto
    Epidemiology, risk factors and genotypes of HBV in HIV-infected patients in the northeast region of Colombia: High prevalence of occult hepatitis B and F3 subgenotype dominance
    (2014-12-02) Bautista Amorocho, Henry; Castellanos Domínguez, Yeny Zulay; Rodríguez Villamizar, Laura Andrea; Velandia Cruz, Sindi Alejandra; Becerra Peña, Jeysson Andrey; Farfán García, Ana Elvira
    Abstract Introduction: Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is an increasing cause of morbidity and mortality in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals. HIV-positive patients are commonly co-infected with HBV due to shared routes of transmission. Objectives: Our aim was to determine the risk factors, prevalence, genotypes, and mutations of the Surface S gene of HBV, and occult hepatitis B infection (OBI) among patients infected with HIV in a northeastern Colombian city. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 275 HIV-positive patients attending an outpatient clinic in Bucaramanga, Colombia during 2009–2010. Blood samples were collected and screened for serological markers of HBV (anti-HBs, anti-HBc and HBsAg) through ELISA assay. Regardless of their serological profile, all samples were tested for the HBV S gene by nested-PCR and HBV genotypes were determined by phylogenetic inference. Clinical records were used to examine demographic, clinical, virological, immunological and antiretroviral therapy (ART) variables of HIV infection. Results: Participants were on average 37¡11 years old and 65.1% male. The prevalence of HIV-HBV coinfection was 12% (95%CI 8.4–16.4) of which 3.3% had active HBV infection and 8.7% OBI. The prevalence of HIV-HBV coinfection was associated with AIDS stage and ART treatment. Sequence analysis identifiedgenotype F, subgenotype F3 in 93.8% of patients and genotype A in 6.2% of patients. A C149R mutation, which may have resulted from failure in HBsAg detection, was found in one patient with OBI. Conclusions: The present study found a high prevalence of HIV-HBV coinfection with an incidence of OBI 2.6-fold higher compared to active HBV infection. These findings suggest including HBV DNA testing to detect OBI in addition to screening for HBV serological markers in HIV patients.
  • Publicación
    Acceso abierto
    Trypanosoma cruzi : Prevalencia y factores de riesgo de seropositividad en donantes de sangre del Hemocentro y unidad de aféresis, Valledupar, Colombia, 2013-2014
    (2014-12-19) Rocha-Muñoz, Linda P.; Hernández Peñaranda, Indira Paola; Martínez Pedraza, Mairta M.; Castellanos Domínguez, Yeny Zulay
    Introducción: La transmisión de Trypanosoma cruzi por transfusiones sanguíneas representa la segunda línea de infección después de la vectorial, lo que hace necesario identificar algunas particularidades socioepidemiológicas en los donantes que permitan predecir la infección por Trypanosoma cruzi. objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de anticuerpos anti-Trypanosoma cruzi y los factores de riesgo de seropositividad en donantes de sangre voluntarios del Hemocentro y Unidad de Aféresis de Valledupar, Colombia. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal en 170 donantes de sangre voluntarios reclutados entre 2013 y 2014. La detección de anticuerpos IgG anti-Trypanosoma cruzi se realizó mediante pruebas serológicas. Las variables que predicen la seropositividad para Trypanosoma cruzi se indagaron mediante un cuestionario socioepidemiológico y un posterior análisis bivariado y de regresión logística. Resultados: Se encontró una prevalencia general de infección por Trypanosoma cruzi del 0,14%. Las variables que permitieron predecir la seropositividad en los donantes fueron: la presencia del vector en la casa, el haber sido picado por el vector alguna vez en la vida y habitar en una casa de tapia pisada o bajareque durante la infancia. Conclusiones: Aunque la prevalencia de anticuerpos anti-Trypanosoma cruzi fue baja en los donantes de sangre de Valledupar, Colombia, este estudio revela la importancia de incorporar preguntas en el formulario de selección de donantes que adviertan al profesional del banco de sangre sobre una posible infección con el parásito, para así optimizar el tamizaje de unidades de sangre y su clasificación como no aptas para transfusión.
  • Publicación
    Acceso abierto
    Evaluation of agrochemicals and bioinputs for sustainable bean management on the Caribbean coast of Colombia
    (2015) Melo Ríos, Aslenis Emidia; Ariza, Pedro; Lissbrant, Sofía; Tofiño Rivera, Adriana Patricia
    The sustainable expansion of bean cultivations requires technologies that do not limit their phyto-recovering properties. Therefore, the objective of this study was to propose agronomic management of conservation for bean cultivation considering the microbiological characteristics of two mega-environments of the Colombian Caribbean coast and the compatibility between agrochemicals and bioinputs. The methodology included rhizospheric microbe population counts, identification of phytopathogenic fungi in plant tissues and soils, compatibility studies of pesticides with biocontrollers, and determination of residual contents of pesticides in bean seeds. The microbial populations corresponded to those previously registered for the lower tropics, but with quantitative differences in the genera. Phytophthora, Colletotrichum and Fusarium were registered in the humid Caribbean, while Colletotrichum and Curvularia affected crops in the dry Caribbean. The Beauveria bioinput was not compatible with the evaluated agrochemicals, while Trichoderma was compatible with chlorpyrifos, thiabendazole and oxycarboxin. Metarhizium was compatible with glyphosate and oxycarboxin at 10% of the recommended dose. Lindane residues were found in the beans harvested at three of the studied locations. The combined use of agrochemicals and bioinputs on bean crops is feasible as long as the time of application of the latter is made according to the half-life of the chemical and the organic matter content of the soil is increased.
  • Publicación
    Acceso abierto
    Comparación de métodos fenotípicos y moleculares para la detección de resistencia a meticilina en Staphylococcus aureus
    (2015-08) Morales Parra, Gloria Inés; García Cuan, Aracely
    Introducción: la detección de resistencia a meticilina en aislados de Staphylococcus aureus por el laboratorio es difícil debido a la heterogeneidad en la expresión fenotípica en estas bacterias. Objetivos: comparar métodos fenotípicos y moleculares para la detección de resistencia a meticilina en Staphylococcus aureus. Materiales y métodos: se evaluó la resistencia a la meticilina en 50 aislados de Staphylococcus aureus por los métodos de difusión en agar, microdilución en caldo y dilución en agar. Se utilizó la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa para detectar el gen de resistencia mecA como estándar de referencia. Se determinó para cada método la sensibilidad, especificidad, valores predictivos y eficiencia. Resultados: la resistencia a la meticilina se encontró en el 50% (25/50) de los aislados de Staphylococcus aureus por los métodos de difusión en agar, microdilución en caldo (cefoxitina) y dilución en agar, y en el 52% (26/50) por microdilución en caldo (oxacilina). El 42,0% (21/50) de los aislados presentaron el gen mecA. Del total de aislados, 10 (20%) demostraron un fenotipo dis-crepante al obtenido molecularmente, siete falsamente resistentes y tres falsamente sensibles. La sensibilidad de los métodos fenotípicos varió entre 85,7% y 90,5%, la especificidad entre 75,9% y 79,3%, el valor predictivo positivo entre 72,0% y 76,0%, el valor predictivo negativo entre 88,5% y 92,0% y la eficiencia entre 80,4% y 84,0%. Conclusiones: los resultados demostraron que los métodos fenotípicos son confiables para la detección de resistencia a la meticilina de Staphylococcus aureus.
  • Publicación
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    Aspectos clínicos y diagnóstico de laboratorio de la vaginosis bacteriana
    (2015-09) Morales Parra, Gloria Inés
    Introduction: bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a public health problem because its gynecology obstetric complications. It is present in 25-35 % of patients attending gynecological consultations and approximately 50 % of asymptomatic cases. Objective: an update about bacterial vaginosis was performed to document the historical background of this entity, etiology, risk factors, gynecological and obstetric complications, clinical manifestations, clinical diagnosis and treatment. In addition, suggestions to help reduce the risk factors involved in the acquisition of this infection are given. Materials and methods: the literature reviewed was performed using the electronic databases Medline, SciELO, Lilacs, Pubmed. Matching the keywords bacterial vaginosis, Amsel criteria, parameters Nugent and G. vaginalis were used. Review articles and original papers that have been published in the last five years with the exception of those whose importance had to be independently documented the date of publication were collected. Development: BV is a polymicrobial infection characterized by a change in vaginal flora, replaced with anaerobic bacteria and type G. vaginalis, Prevotella species, Bacteroides, Mobiluncus among others. It is a multifactorial disease and produces a wide variety of gynecological and obstetric complications. The diagnosis is made microscopically by Amsel criteria and quantification of bacterial morphotypes, establish parameters that allow early treatment. Conclusions: it is important to an accurate diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis to prevent obstetric or gynecological complications therapeutic adverse drug reaction employed.
  • Publicación
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    Actividad antimicrobiana de aceites esenciales de Lippia alba y cymbopogon citratus sobre streptococcus mutans y citotoxicidad en células cho
    (2016) Ortega Cuadros, Mailen; Tofiño Rivera, Adriana Patricia; Mena Álvarez, O.; Martínez Pabón, M.C.; Galvis Pareja, D.; Merini, Luciano J.
    Background: Dental caries is a complex in- fectious disease of multifactorial origin in which interactions occur between plaque, tooth, biological determinants such as salivary f low, buffering capa- city and pH of saliva, predominant organisms, diet and behavioral socioeconomic factors; prevails in the 60-90% of the world’s school-age population. The existing prevention and treatment are not com- pletely effective and generate some side effects, so the search for complementary strategies is necessary for handling. Objetives: To evaluate the capabi- lity of essential oils on Lippia alba (Mill). N.E.Br and Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf to eradicate S. mutans biofilms and its toxicity on eukaryotic cells. Methods: Essential oils were extracted from plant material through steam distillation. Its chemical composition was determined for gas chromato- graphy with mass selective detector (GC-MS). It was used the MBEC-high-throughput technique to determine the removal concentration of S. mu- tans biofilms. Cytotoxicity was evaluated on CHO cells through The MTT 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol- 2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium. Results: The major components in both essential oils were Geraniol and Citral. Lippia alba essential oil applied in concen- tration of 0.01 mg / 100 mL removed 95.8% of S. mutans biofilm and C. citratus e s s ent i a l o i l s h o w e d a removal activity of 95.4% in the concentrations 0.1, 0.01mg /100 mL and 93.1% in concentration 0.001 mg / 100 mL. None of the essential oils showed toxicity to CHO cells in a 24-hour treatment, with signif icant differences in relation to the control with methanol (P = 0.00) which inhibits most cells. Conclusions: The L. alba and C. citratus essential oils showed eradication activity against S. mutans biof ilms and null cytotoxicity, evidencing a po- tential use in treating and preventing dental caries.
  • Publicación
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    Phenotype resistance to methicillin, macrolides and lincosamides in staphylococcus aureus, isolated in a hospital in Valledupar, Colombia
    (2016-02-20) Morales Parra, Gloria Inés; Yaneth Giovanetti, María Cecilia; Zuleta Hernández, Andrés
    Introduction: Infections with methicillin-resistant S. aureus are a public health problem due to the multi-resistance profile presented by this pathogen. Objective: To determine resistance phenotypes to methicillin, macrolides and lincosamides in S. aureus. Materials and methods: 50 S. aureus strains, isolated from patients of the Hospital Rosario Lopez Pumarejo in the city of Valledupar, were analyzed. Susceptibility tests to methicillin, erythromycin and clindamycin were performed using microdilution and agar diffusion methods. Methicillin resistance was determined through agar dilution technique and inducible clindamycin resistance D-Test. Results: Methicillin resistance reached 50%, five phenotypes were established in the analyzed macrolides and lincosamides: phenotype sensitive to erythromycin and clindamycin (78%); phenotype resistant to erythromycin and clindamycin (16%) with constitutive resistance for both cMLSB antimicrobials, which lead the resistance phenotypes; phenotype with intermediate resistance to both antimicrobials (2%); the intermediate result phenotype resistant to erythromycin and clindamycin (2%); and the RS phenotype resistant to erythromycin and sensitive to clindamycin (2%) that show inducible iMLSB clindamycin resistance with positive D test. Conclusions: The inducible resistance to macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramines is not established through the standard antimicrobial susceptibility test. Not identifying the inducible resistance can lead to clindamycin treatment failure.
  • Publicación
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    Estado nutricional y hábitos alimenticios en niños de un colegio público de Valledupar
    (2016-03-11) Mosquera Heredia, María Isabel; Mosquera Heredia, Mabely Juliana; De Armas Daza, Lina María; Brito Redondo, Yeli Yelitza
    Introducción: La desnutrición es una de las principales causas de deficiencias cognitivas en los niños lo que puede afectar su desarrollo motriz y rendimiento escolar; además de que conlleva a un mayor riesgo de enfermedades y genera grandes costos en el sistema de salud. Objetivo: Determinar el estado nutricional según antropometría y perfil de hierro y su asociación a hábitos alimenticios en una población de escolares de 9-11 años de edad. Método: Estudio descriptivo-transversal en 155 escolares. El estado nutricional se valoró mediante medidas antropométricas y pruebas del laboratorio para valorar el estado del metabolismo del hierro. Se aplicó el cuestionario de frecuencia de consumo utilizado en ENSIN-2010. Resultados: El 7,1% de los niños presentó delgadez, el 17,4% riesgo de delgadez, el 18,7% sobrepeso, y el 7,1% obesidad. Con respecto al indicador Talla para la edad, el 1,3% de la población resultó con talla baja, y el 11,6% con riesgo de talla baja para la edad. Según la valoración del metabolismo del hierro, el 7,1%, 5,8% y 3,9% fueron clasificados en los estadios 1, 2 y 3 respectivamente. El bajo consumo de frutas se asoció con riesgo de talla baja, y el bajo consumo de morcilla y vísceras con alteraciones en el metabolismo del hierro. Por otro lado, se observó que el alto consumo de arroz y pastas influye positivamente en los indicadores de IMC y Talla/E. Conclusiones: Se requieren acciones que corrijan hábitos alimenticios inadecuados en los niños para prevenir bajo rendimiento escolar y enfermedades crónicas en la adultez.
  • Publicación
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    Parámetros cuantitativos de los glóbulos grasos lácteos por microscopia convencional : Potencial tratamiento de leche cruda bovina con rayos Ultravioleta en los puntos de producción primaria de la cadena láctea del Cesar
    (2016-07-02) Gutiérrez de Piñerez Rocha, Carlos Alberto; Molina B, Diana; Cuello Quiroz, Ana-Luisa
    The high bacterial / ml registration of raw milk, over 400 thousand in the Cesar forced to seek technological alternatives for reducing it at the origen. International institutes have made significant progress in conservation of maternal milk with UV rays without altering its nutritional properties. Additionally, the amount and diameters of MFG could be optically quantified in cow’s raw milk and breast milk by obtaining and digital image processing, finding an average of 5.1 microns in average size of milk fat globules. This is a first determinant to potentiate the use of ultraviolet rays on the site of origin of bovine milk to lower microbial load of pathogen.
  • Publicación
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    Effect of Lippia alba and Cymbopogon citratus essential oils on biofilms of Streptococcus mutans and cytotoxicity in CHO cells
    (2016-10-17) Tofiño Rivera, Adriana Patricia; Ortega Cuadros, Mailen; Galvis Pareja, D.; Jiménez Rios, Hedilka; Merini, Luciano J.; Martínez Pabón, M.C.
    Background Caries is a public health problem, given that it prevails in 60 to 90% of the school-age global population. Multiple factors interact in its etiology, among them dental plaque is necessary to have lactic acid producing microorganisms like Streptococcus from he Mutans group. Existing prevention and treatment measures are not totally effective and generate adverse effects, which is why it is necessary to search for complementary strategies for their management. Aim The study sought to evaluate the eradication capacity of Streptococcus mutans biofilms and the toxicity on eukaryotic cells of Lippia alba and Cymbopogon citratus essential oils. Methodology Essential oils were extracted from plant material through steam distillation and then its chemical composition was determined. The MBEC-high-throughput (MBEC-HTP) (Innovotech, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada) assay used to determine the eradication concentration of S. mutans ATCC 35668 strain biofilms. Cytotoxicity was evaluated on CHO cells through the MTT cell proliferation assay. Results The major components in both oils were Geraniol and Citral; in L. alba 18.9% and 15.9%, respectively, and in C. citratus 31.3% and 26.7%. The L. alba essential oils presented eradication activity against S. mutans biofilms of 95.8% in 0.01 mg/dL concentration and C. citratus essential oils showed said eradication activity of 95.4% at 0.1, 0.01 mg/dL concentrations and of 93.1% in the 0.001 mg/dL concentration; none of the concentrations of both essential oils showed toxicity on CHO cells during 24 h. Conclusion The L. alba and C. citratus essential oils showed eradication activity against S. mutans biofilms and null cytotoxicity, evidencing the need to conduct further studies that can identify their active components and in order to guide a safe use in treating and preventing dental caries. Chemical compounds studied in this article List of up to 10 names of chemical compounds studied in the article. Geranial. Neral. Myrcene. Geraniol. (E)-Caryophyllene. trans-Verbenol. Geranyl acetate. cis-Verbenol. Germacrene D. 37-Dimethyl-26-octadiene-1-ol
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    Prevalence and molecular epidemiology of Canine parvovirus 2 in diarrheic dogs in Colombia, South America : A possible new CPV-2a is emerging?
    (2017-01) Duque-García, Yeison; Echeverri-Zuluaga, Manuela; Trejos Suárez, Juanita; Ruiz Saenz, Julian
    Since its identification in 1978, Canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) has been considered a pathogen of great importance in the canine population because it causes severe enteritis with high mortality rates in pups. CPV-2 is a virus belonging to the family Parvoviridae. Currently, there are three described antigenic variants (CPV-2a, CPV-2b, and CPV-2c). CPV-2c is an emerging virus that is seen as a global health hazard. The objective of this work was to confirm the presence of CPV-2 in dogs with acute gastroenteritis compatible with parvovirus and to molecularly characterize the antigenic variants circulating in two regions of Colombia. An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted with fecal samples collected from 71 dogs showing signs of acute diarrhea. The samples were processed and polymerase chain reaction (PCR), restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis (RFLP), sequencing and phylogenetic analysis was performed to detect and characterize CPV. A total of 70.42% of the individuals were confirmed positive for CPV-2. Statistically differences were found in the presentation of CPV-2 between the evaluated regions. Phylogenetic analyses confirmed the presence of the antigenic variants CPV-2a/2b. Moreover, we found the presence of two conserved substitutions Asn428Asp and Ala514Ser in the VP2 protein suggesting the presence of a possible new CPV-2a variant circulating in Colombia. This study demonstrates the importance of the CPV 2a/2b in the region and highlights the importance of performing molecular studies for the early detection of new antigenic variants of CPV-2.
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    Vigilancia tecnológica de plantas aromáticas : De la investigación a la consolidación de la agrocadena colombiana
    (2017-05) Tofiño Rivera, Adriana Patricia; Ortega Cuadros, Mailen; Melo Ríos, Aslenis Emidia; Mier Giraldo, Helen Jhoana
    El sector de plantas aromáticas, medicinales y condimentarias reúne una amplia variedad de especies nativas e introducidas con potencial agroindustrial. Para contribuir al diagnóstico tecnológico del sector en Colombia y brindar elementos de planificación estratégica hacia mejores niveles de desarrollo e internacionalización, se priorizaron ciertas especies aromáticas en este artículo y se planteó una vigilancia tecnología del 2004 al 2014. Se hizo una búsqueda de artículos científicos y patentes en ocho bases de datos en el ámbito nacional, iberoamericano y mundial según temáticas priorizadas. Los datos se procesaron mediante Microsoft Excel, EndNote, Vantage Point (2014) y Thomson Data Analyzer. A nivel nacional, la temática más registrada fue el material de siembra y el mejoramiento genético, mientras que en Iberoamérica y el mundo, fue el efecto biocida. Los países líderes en investigaciones sobre las aromáticas vigiladas fueron Brasil, Colombia y Cuba. A nivel internacional, los líderes en producción científica en PubMed y Scopus fueron India, EE. UU., Brasil y Colombia. La tendencia mundial de patentes es creciente, y su principal enfoque es “Necesidades corrientes de la vida”. En conclusión, la vigilancia tecnológica ofreció una visión global de avances y tendencias en investigación y desarrollo tecnológico en áreas temáticas vinculadas con las plantas aromáticas. Además, se identificaron posibles aliados investigativos y fluctuación de la producción científica a través del tiempo.